इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) >
Squaliformes (Sleeper and dogfish sharks) >
Etmopteridae (Lantern sharks)
Etymology: Etmopterus: Greek, ethmos, -ou = sieve or ethmoides bone + Greek, pteron = wing, fin (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री pelagic-oceanic; गहराई सीमा 220 - 1638 m (Ref. 132203), usually 400 - 600 m (Ref. 124555). Deep-water; 29°S - 59°S
Indian Ocean, Southern Pacific and Southern Atlantic (Ref. 106604). Reported from off the western Cape coast but the identity of South African specimens is questionable (Ref. 127434).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ? range ? - 75 cm
Max length : 67.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 132178); 94.0 cm TL (female); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.7 kg (Ref. 132178); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.7 kg
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 2; गुदा कांटा: 0. A large, heavy-bodied lanternshark with a big head (Ref. 5578), bladelike unicuspidate teeth in lower jaw and teeth with cusps and cusplets in upper jaw, stocky body, conspicuous lines of denticles on body, conspicuous black markings on underside of body and tail, with tail marking short and not extending far posteriorly (Ref. 247). Dark brown or black in color, possibly darker below (Ref. 26346).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Found on outermost continental shelves and upper slopes (Ref. 247). Feeds on bony fishes including lanternfish, barracudina, synaphobranchid eels, oreo dories, hake, rattails, bathylagids, idiacanthids; also on squids (including histioteuthids and ommastrephids), octopuses, euphausiids, mysids, penaeid shrimp, salps, sponges and ribbonworms (Nemertina) (Ref. 124555). Bioluminescence observed, with the dorsal photophores, flank markings, and brighter pectoral fin and claspers are likely to be used for intraspecific communications and the ventrally emitted light is likely to be used for counterillumination (Ref. 123656). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205), with 10-13 in a litter, size at birth about 18 cm (Ref. 6871) to possibly 30 cm (Ref. 124555), Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 247.
Ovoviviparous, with 10-13 in a litter (Ref. 6871). Size at birth about 18 cm (Ref. 6871). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: कोई रुचि बग़ैर
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 1.7 - 9.2, mean 3.2 °C (based on 174 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00363 (0.00291 - 0.00452), b=3.08 (3.02 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 4.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Fec=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.13 [1.44, 36.37] mg/100g; Iron = 0.343 [0.085, 1.239] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [16.8, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.328 [0.118, 1.004] g/100g; Selenium = 12.4 [3.4, 39.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.1 [4.0, 113.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.385 [0.186, 0.758] mg/100g (wet weight);
