Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.5 - 15.9, mean 10.3 °C (based on 1342 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00834 - 0.01509), b=3.05 (2.96 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 11.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.11; tmax=11).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (7 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 64.8 [25.1, 165.8] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.798 [0.425, 1.516] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.2 [17.0, 19.4] % ; Omega3 = 0.322 [0.136, 0.786] g/100g ; Selenium = 22.7 [10.4, 50.0] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 23.8 [6.3, 88.2] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.843 [0.542, 1.351] mg/100g (wet weight);