Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 15 - 274 m (Ref. 2850), usually 60 - 149 m (Ref. 52190). Subtropical; 15°C - 28°C (Ref. 131062); 39°N - 22°N, 124°W - 110°W
Eastern Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 24.5, range 23 - 34 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 40637); max. reported age: 32 years (Ref. 39277)
Adults usually found on deep reefs (Ref. 2850). Adults feed on shrimps and fish (Ref. 131062). Viviparous, with planktonic larvae and pelagic juveniles (Ref. 36715). Occasionally captured by sport fishers (Ref. 2850). Minimum depth range from Ref. 96339.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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