Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Freshwater; demersal; pH range: 8.0 - ?; potamodromous (Ref. 51243). Tropical; 22°C - 27°C (Ref. 85713)
Asia: India (Ref. 4832), Bangladesh (Ref. 1479) and Nepal (Ref. 6351).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4832)
Dorsal soft rays (total): 13; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 8. Body depth slightly more than head length; mouth narrow and subterminal; 2 pairs barbels, longer than orbit; eye-diameter 5 to 6.5 times in head; dorsal spine strong and serrated, the denticles strong and recurved; scales small, transverse scale-rows 11/9, circumferential scales 40-44; tubercles on snout and cheeks of females smaller than those of males (Ref. 4832).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
Adults inhabit large rivers with rocky bottoms, clear and fast water and little or no vegetation. Made into fish paste (Ref. 4832).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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