Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) >
Myctophiformes (Lanternfishes) >
Myctophidae (Lanternfishes) > Myctophinae
Etymology: Symbolophorus: Greek, symbolon, ou = mark, signal + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathypelagic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 800 m (Ref. 4479). Deep-water; 55°N - 26°S, 82°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Iceland (strays) and British Isles to Western Sahara including the Mediterranean. Western Atlantic: Nunavut and USA to Brazil in slope water region.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 9 - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4479)
High-oceanic species found at 550-700 m during the day and nyctoepipelagic at the surface and down to 800 m (maximum abundance at the surface) (Ref. 4479). Epipelagic to bathypelagic (Ref. 58426). Size stratification with depth at night, with small sub-adults deeper than large sub-adults and adults (Ref. 4775). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 58426).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Hulley, P.A., 1990. Myctophidae. p. 398-467. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4479)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 9.8 - 16, mean 13.2 °C (based on 303 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00398 - 0.02092), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for species & Subfamily-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): (0 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.8 [19.7, 168.6] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.716 [0.358, 1.647] mg/100g ; Protein = 17 [15, 19] % ; Omega3 = 0.907 [0.405, 2.157] g/100g ; Selenium = 11 [4, 26] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 45.1 [10.2, 222.4] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.71 [0.40, 1.22] mg/100g (wet weight);