Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes) >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; demersal; depth range ? - 60 m (Ref. 9772). Tropical; 29°N - 10°S, 48°E - 125°E
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Taiwan and south through the Philippines and Borneo to about the southern tip of Java.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 16.6, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9772); common length : 20.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9772)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 10 - 11;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 224;
Anal
spines: 2;
Anal
soft rays: 7. Mental pores in 2 pairs, both small, the first pair at front of chin, separated by symphysis. Gill rakers slender, as long as gill filaments at angle of arch, 9-12 on lower limb. Dorsal fin with 22-24 soft rays. Second anal spine short, slender, 22-36 % of head length. Caudal fin truncate. Scales cycloid (smooth) on head and flanks. Swim bladder carrot-shaped, with 17-22 pairs of fan-like appendages along its sides, the first not entering head. Sagitta (large earstone) with a tadpole-shaped impression, the tail of which is hockey-stick-shaped. Nape with a diffused dusky blotch.
Occurs in inshore waters. Feeds on small crustaceans, benthic worms and small fishes. Marketed fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9772).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Sasaki, K., 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). p.3117-3174. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp. 2791-3380. (Ref. 9772)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.7 - 29.2, mean 28.3 °C (based on 1510 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00717 - 0.01677), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for species & Subfamily-BS (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.6 (0.9 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.53-1.94).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100) .
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100) .
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 199 [109, 365] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.904 [0.498, 1.586] mg/100g ; Protein = 19.3 [18.3, 20.4] % ; Omega3 = 0.271 [0.147, 0.455] g/100g ; Selenium = 71.5 [35.0, 136.2] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 20 [7, 57] μg/100g ; Zinc = 1.09 [0.73, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);