Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 150 - 400 m (Ref. 27121). Deep-water; 25°N - 37°S, 12°E - 99°E (Ref. 54569)
Southeast Atlantic: Namibia (Ref. 5846), off South Africa (Ref. 4108).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4108); common length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3427); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 36279)
Found on the deeper continental shelf and upper slope (Ref. 27121). Feeds mainly on bottom-living fishes (Ref. 27121, 27637) often on pilchard, round herring and horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). Minimum depth reported from Ref. 5213.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Caruso, J.H., 1986. Lophiidae. p. 363-366. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4108)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 125652)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
More information
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingNutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.9 - 14.8, mean 10.2 °C (based on 33 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00646 - 0.01776), b=2.99 (2.85 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.04-0.08; tm=4; tmax=11).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.6 [9.0, 30.5] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.3 [0.2, 0.5] mg/100g ; Protein = 20.2 [17.2, 22.7] % ; Omega3 = 0.269 [0.118, 0.645] g/100g ; Selenium = 17 [6, 51] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 16.3 [4.5, 57.0] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.199 [0.106, 0.437] mg/100g (wet weight);