| Main Ref. | Collette, B.B., 1999 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnose |
Prolonged, beak-like lower jaw, shorter than head length, its length contained in 4.7-8.6 times in SL and 1.2-2.0 times in head length; upper jaw short, scaly, blunt and rounded, its width contained in 0.5-0.6 times in its length; preorbital bone 1.75-2.15 times in diameter of orbit and 0.9-1.15 times in length of upper jaw; preorbital ridge present; posterior branch to preorbital lateral line canal present. Total number of gill rakers on first arch 26-39; dorsal fin rays 14-17, usually 16; anal fin rays 13-17, usually 15 or 16. Caudal fin forked, with lower lobe longer than upper. |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | 18 - 25 |
| on upper limb | 6 - 14 |
| insgesamt | 26 - 39 |
| Wirbelzahl | |
| preanal | 34 - 39 |
| insgesamt | 51 - 56 |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | 0 - 0 |
| Soft-rays total | 14 - 17 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Spines total | 0 - 0 |
| Soft-rays total | 13 - 17 |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 13 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays |