Please be patient while sound file is loaded. You may have to increase volume settings.
Click here to download the sound file.| Sound produced | yes, active sound production |
| Type of sound produced | grunts |
| Sound production organ | pharyngeal teeth & swim bladder |
| Sound mechanism | not specified, but probably pharyngeal teeth stridulation amplified by adjacent swim bladder |
| Behavioural context | under duress (handling) |
| Reference | Fish, M.P. and W.H. Mowbray, 1970 |
| Remark |