Summary of Conventions

Country	Status	Year
Albania	ratified	13-Jan-1999
Andorra	pending	11-May-2000
Austria	ratified	02-May-1983
Belgium	ratified	24-Aug-1990
Bulgaria	ratified	31-Jan-1991
Croatia	ratified	03-Jul-2000
Cyprus	ratified	16-May-1988
Czech Republic	ratified	25-Feb-1998
Denmark	ratified	08-Sep-1982
Estonia	ratified	03-Aug-1992
Finland	ratified	09-Dec-1985
France	ratified	26-Apr-1990
Germany, Fed. Rep.	ratified	13-Dec-1984
Greece	ratified	13-Jun-1983
Hungary	ratified	16-Nov-1989
Iceland	ratified	17-Jun-1993
Ireland	ratified	23-Apr-1982
Italy	ratified	11-Feb-1982
Latvia	ratified	23-Jan-1997
Liechtenstein	ratified	30-Oct-1980
Lithuania	ratified	05-Sep-1996
Luxembourg	ratified	23-Mar-1982
Malta	ratified	26-Nov-1993
Moldova, R. of	ratified	24-May-1994
Netherlands	ratified	28-Oct-1980
Norway	ratified	27-May-1986
Poland	ratified	13-Sep-1995
Portugal	ratified	03-Feb-1982
Romania	ratified	18-May-1993
Slovakia	ratified	23-Sep-1996
Slovenia	ratified	29-Sep-1999
Spain	ratified	27-May-1986
Sweden	ratified	14-Jun-1983
Switzerland	ratified	12-Mar-1981
Turkey	ratified	02-May-1984
Ukraine	ratified	05-Jan-1999
United Kingdom	ratified	28-May-1982
Yugoslavia, SFR of (former)	ratified	17-Dec-1998
Language
English
French
Document text
	
	Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats

   Bern, 19 September 1979

   PREAMBLE
     The Member States of the Council of Europe and the other signatories hereto,
     Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve a greater unity between its members;
     Considering the wish of the Council of Europe to co- operate with other States in the field of nature conservation;
     Recognizing that wild flora and fauna constitute an natural heritage of aesthetic, scientific, cultural, recreational, economic and intrinsic value that needs to be preserved and handed on to future generations;
     Recognizing the essential role played by wild flora and fauna in maintaining biological balances;
     Noting that numerous species of wild flora and fauna are being seriously depleted and that some of them are threatened with extinction;
     Aware that the conservation of natural habitats is a vital component of the protection and conservation of wild flora and fauna;
     Recognizing that the conservation of wild flora and fauna should be taken into consideration by the governments in their national goals and programmes, and that international Co-operation should be established to protect migratory species in particular;
     Bearing in mind the widespread requests for common action made by governments or by international bodies, in particular the requests expressed by the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972 and the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe;
     Desiring particularly to follow, in the field of wildlife conservation, the recommendations of Resolution No. 2 of the Second European Ministerial Conference on the Environment,
     Have agreed as follows:
   Chapter 1
   GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1
   1. The aims of this Convention are to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the co-operation of several States, and to promote such co-operation.
   2. Particular emphasis is given to endangered and vulnerable species, including endangered and vulnerable migratory species.

Article 2
     The Contracting Parties shall take requisite measures to maintain the population of wild flora and fauna at, or adapt it to, a level which corresponds in particular to ecological scientific and cultural requirements, while taking account of economic and recreational requirements and the needs of sub-species, varieties or forms at risk locally.

Article 3
   1. Each Contracting Party shall take steps to promote national policies for the conservation of wild flora, wild fauna and natural habitats, with particular attention to endangered and vulnerable species, especially endemic ones, and endangered habitats, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
   2. Each Contracting Party undertakes, in its planning and development policies and in its measures against pollution, to have regard to the conservation of wild flora and fauna.
   3. Each Contracting Party shall promote education and disseminate general information on the need to conserve species of wild flora and fauna and their habitats.

   Chapter II
   PROTECTION OF HABITATS

Article 4
   1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the conservation of the habitats of the wild flora and fauna species, especially those specified in the Appendices I and II, and the conservation of endangered natural habitats.
   2. The Contracting Parties in their planning and development policies shall have regard to the conservation requirements of the areas protected under the preceding paragraph, so as to avoid or minimize as far as possible any deterioration of such areas.
   3. The Contracting Parties undertake to give special attention to the protection of areas that are of importance for the migratory species specified in Appendices II and III and which are appropriately situated in relation to migration routes, as wintering, staging, feeding, breeding or moulting areas.
   4. The Contracting Parties undertake to coordinate as appropriate their efforts for the protection of the natural habitats referred to in this Article when these are situated in frontier areas.

   Chapter III
   PROTECTION OF SPECIES

Article 5
     Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild flora species specified in Appendix I. Deliberate picking, collecting, cutting or uprooting of such plants shall be prohibited. Each Contracting Party shall, as appropriate, prohibit the possession or sale of these species.
   
   Article 6
     Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the special protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix II. The following will in particular be prohibited for these species:
   a) all forms of deliberate capture and keeping and deliberate killing;
   b) the deliberate damage to or destruction of breeding or resting sites;
   c) the deliberate disturbance of wild fauna, particularly during the period of breeding, rearing and hibernation, insofar as disturbance would be significant in relation to the objectives of this Convention;
   d) the deliberate destruction or taking of eggs from the wild or keeping these eggs even if empty; 
   e) the possession of and internal trade in these animals, alive or dead, including stuffed animals and any readily recognizable part or derivative thereof, where this would contribute to the effectiveness of the provisions of this Article.

Article 7
   1. Each Contracting Party shall take appropriate and necessary legislative and administrative measures to ensure the protection of the wild fauna species specified in Appendix III.
   2. Any exploitation of wild fauna specified in Appendix III shall be regulated in order to keep the populations out of danger, taking into account the requirements of Article 2.
   3. Measures to be taken shall include:
   a) closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation;
   b) the temporary or local prohibition of exploitation, as appropriate, in order to restore satisfactory population levels;
   c) the regulation as appropriate of sale, keeping for safe, transport for sale or offering for sale of live and dead wild animals.

Article 8
     In respect of the capture or killing of wild fauna species specified in Appendix III and in cases where, in accordance with Article 9, exceptions are applied to species specified in Appendix II, Contracting Parties shall prohibit the use of all indiscriminate means of capture and killing and the use of all means capable of causing local disappearance of, or serious disturbance to populations of a species, and in particular, the means specified in Appendix IV.

Article 9
   1. Each Contracting Party may make exceptions from the provisions of Articles 4, 5, 6, 7 and from the prohibition of the use of the means mentioned in Article 8 provided that there is no other satisfactory solution and that the exception will not be detrimental to the survival of the population concerned:  for the protection of flora and fauna;
   to prevent serious damage to crops, livestock, forests, fisheries, water and other forms of property;
   in the interests of public health and safety, air safety or other overriding public interests;
   for the purposes of research and education, of repopulation, of reintroduction and for the necessary breeding;
   to permit, under strictly supervised conditions on a selective basis and to a limited extent, the taking, keeping or other judicious exploitation of certain wild animals and plants in small numbers.
   2. The Contracting Parties shall report every two years to the Standing Committee on the exceptions made under the preceding paragraph. These reports must specify:
   the populations which are or have been subject to the exceptions and, when practical, the number of specimens involved;
   the means authorized for the killing or capture;
   The conditions of risk and the circumstances of time and place under which such exceptions were granted;
   The authority empowered to declare that these conditions have been fulfilled, and to take decisions in respect of the means that may be used their limits and the persons instructed to carry them out;
   The controls involved.

   Chapter IV
   SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MIGRATORY SPECIES

Article 10
   1. The Contracting Parties undertake, in addition to the measures specified in Articles 4, 6, 7 and 8, to co- ordinate their efforts for the protection of the migratory species specified in Appendices II and III whose range extends into their territories.
   2. The Contracting Parties shall take measures to seek to ensure that the closed seasons and/or other procedures regulating the exploitation established under paragraph 3.a of Article 7 are adequate and approximately disposed to meet the requirements of the migratory species specified in Appendix III.

   Chapter V
   SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article I1 1. In carrying out the provisions of this Convention, the Contracting Parties undertake:
   a) to co-operate whenever appropriate and in particular where this would enhance the effectiveness of measures taken under other articles of this Convention;
   b) to encourage and co-ordinate research related to the purposes of this Convention.
   2. Each Contracting Party undertakes:
   a) to encourage the reintroduction of native species of wild flora and fauna when this would contribute to the conservation of an endangered species provided that a study is first made in the light of the experiences of other Contracting Parties to establish that such reintroduction would be effective and acceptable;
   b) to strictly control the introduction of non-native species.
   3. Each Contracting Party shall inform the Standing Committee of the species receiving complete protection on its territory and not included in Appendices I and II.

Article 12
     The Contracting Parties may adopt stricter measures for the conservation of wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats than those provided under this Convention.

   Chapter VI
   STANDING COMMITTEE

Article 13
   1. For the purposes of this Convention, a Standing Committee shall be set up.
   2. Any Contracting Party may be represented on the Standing Committee by one or more delegates. Each delegation shall have one vote. Within the areas of its competence the European Economic Community shall exercise its right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of its member States which are Contracting Parties to this Convention; the European Economic Community shall not exercise its right to vote in cases where the member States concerned exercise theirs, and conversely.
   3. Any member State of the Council of Europe which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention may be represented on the Committee as an observer.
     The Standing Committee may, by unanimous decision, invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe which is not a Contracting Party to the Convention to be represented by an observer at one of its meetings.
     Anybody or agency technically qualified in the protection, conservation or management of wild fauna and flora and their habitats, and belonging to one of the following categories;
   a) international agencies or bodies, either governmental or non-governmental. and national governmental agencies or bodies;
   b) national non-governmental agencies or bodies which have been approved for this purpose by the State in which they are located,
   may inform the Secretary-General of the Council of Europe, at least three months before the meeting of the Committee, of its wish to be represented at that meeting by observers. They shall be admitted unless, at least one month before the meeting, one-third of the Contracting Parties have informed the Secretary-General of their objection.
   4. The Standing Committee shall be convened by the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Its first meeting shall be held within one year of the date of the entry into force of the Convention. It shall subsequently meet at least every two years and whenever a majority of the Contracting Parties so request.
   5. A majority of the Contracting Parties shall constitute a quorum for holding a meeting of the Standing Committee.
   6. Subject to the provisions of this Convention, the Standing Committee shall draw up its own Rules of Procedure.

Article 14
   1. The following Committee shall be responsible for following the application of this Convention. It may in particular:
   Ñ keep under review the provisions of this Convention, including its Appendices, and examine any modifications necessary;
   Ñ make recommendations to the Contracting Parties concerning measures to be taken for the purposes of this Convention;
   recommend the appropriate measures to keep the public informed about the activities undertaken within the framework of this Convention;
   make recommendations to the Committee of Ministers concerning non-member States of the Council of Europe to be invited to accede to this Convention;
   Ñ make any proposal for improving the effectiveness of this Convention, including proposals for the conclusion, with the States which are not Contracting Parties to the Convention, of agreements that would enhance the effective conservation of species or groups of species.
   2. In order to discharge its functions, the Standing Committee may, on its own initiative, arrange for meetings of groups of experts.

Article 15
     After each meeting, the Standing Committee shall forward to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe a report on its work and on the functioning of the Convention.

   Chapter VII
   AMENDMENTS
   Article 16
   1. Any amendment to the articles of this Convention proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to accede to it in accordance with the provisions of Article 20.
   2. Any amendment proposed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined by the Standing Committee which:
   a) for amendments to Articles 1 to 12, shall submit the text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes cast of the Contracting Parties for acceptance;
   b) for amendments to Articles 13 to 24, shall submit the text adopted by a three-quarters majority of the votes cast to the Committee of Ministers for approval. After its approval, this text shall be forwarded to the Contracting Parties for acceptance .
   3. Any amendment shall enter into force on the thirtieth day after all the Contracting Parties have informed the Secretary General that they have accepted it.
   4. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2.a and 3 of this Article shall apply to the adoption of new Appendices to this Convention.

Article 17
   1. Any amendment to the Appendices of this Convention proposed by a Contracting Party or the Committee of Ministers shall be communicated to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe and forwarded by him at least two months before the meeting of the Standing Committee to the member States of the Council of Europe, to any signatory, to any Contracting Party, to any State invited to sign this Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 and to any State invited to it in accordance with the provisions of Article 20.
   2. Any amendment proposed in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be examined by the Standing Committee, which may adopt it by a two- thirds majority of the Contracting Parties. The text adopted shall be forwarded to the Contracting Parties.
   3. Three months after its adoption by the Standing Committee and unless one-third of the Contracting Parties have notified objections, any amendment shall enter into force for those Contracting Parties which have not notified objections.

   Chapter VIII
   SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES

Article 18
   1. The Standing Committee shall use its best endeavours to facilitate a friendly settlement of any difficulty to which the execution of this Convention may give rise.
   2. Any dispute between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which has not been settled on the basis of the provisions of the preceding paragraph or by negotiation between the parties concerned shall, unless the said parties agree otherwise, be submitted, at the request of one of them, to arbitration. Each party shall designate an arbitrator and the two arbitrators shall designate a third arbitrator. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article, if one of the parties has not designated its arbitrator within the three months following the request for arbitration, he shall be designated at the request of the other party by the President of the European Court of Human Rights within a further three months' period. The same procedure shall be observed if the arbitrators cannot agree on the choice of the third arbitrator within the three months following the designation of the two first arbitrators.
   3. In the event of a dispute between two Contracting Parties one of which is a member State of the European Economic Community, the latter itself being a Contracting Party, the other Contracting Party shall address the request for arbitration both to the member State and to the Community, which jointly, shall notify it, within two months of receipt of the request, whether the member State or the Community, or the member and the Community jointly, shall be party to the dispute. In the absence of such notification within the said time limit, the member State and the Community shall be considered as being one and the same party to the dispute for the purposes of the application of the provisions governing the constitution and procedure of the arbitration tribunal. The same shall apply when the member State and the Community jointly present themselves as party to the dispute.
   4. The arbitration tribunal shall draw up its own Rule of Procedure. Its decisions shall be taken by majority vote. Its award shall be final and binding.
   5. Each party to the dispute shall bear the expenses of the arbitrator designated by it and the parties shall share equally the expenses of the third arbitrator, as well as other costs entailed by the arbitration.

   Chapter IX
   FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 19
   I. This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe and non-member States which have participated in its elaboration and by the European Economic Community.
     Up until the date when the Convention enters into force, it shall also be open for signature by any other State so invited by the Committee of Ministers.
     The Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
   2. The Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date on which five States, including at least four member States of the Council of Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   3 . In respect of any signatory State or the European Economic Community which subsequently express their consent to be bound by it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.

Article 20
   I . After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, after consulting the Contracting Parties, may invite to accede to the Convention any nonmember State of the Council which, invited to sign in accordance with the provisions of Article 19, has not yet done so, and any other non- member State.
   2. In respect of any acceding State, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of three months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.

Article 21
   1. Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories to which this Convention shall apply.
   2. Any Contracting Party may, when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at any later date, by declaration addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified in the declaration and for whose international relations it is responsible or on whose behalf it is authorized to give undertakings.
   3. Any declaration made under the preceding paragraph may, in respect of any territory mentioned in such declaration, be withdrawn by notification addressed to the Secretary General. Such withdrawal shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of six months after the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 22
   I . Any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make one or more reservations regarding certain species specified in Appendices I to III and/or, for certain species mentioned in the reservation or reservations, regarding certain means or methods of killing, capture and other exploitation listed in Appendix IV. No reservations of a general nature may be made.
   2. Any Contracting Party which extends the application of this Convention to a territory mentioned in the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 21 may, in respect of the territory concerned, make one or more reservations in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
   3. No other reservation may be made.
   4. Any Contracting Party which has made a reservation under paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article may wholly or partly withdraw it by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Such withdrawal shall take effect as from the date of receipt of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 23
   1. Any Contracting Party may, at any time denounce this Convention by means of a notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
   2. Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the expiry of a period of six months after the date of the notification by the Secretary General.

Article 24
     The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council of Europe, any signatory State, the European Economic Community if a signatory of this Convention and any Contracting Party of:
   a) any signature;
   b) the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession;
   c) any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Articles 19 and 20;
   d) any information forwarded under the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 13;
   e) any report established in pursuance of the provisions of Article 15;
   f) any amendment or any new Appendix adopted in accordance with Articles 16 and 17 and the date on which the amendment or new Appendix comes into force;
   g) any declaration made under the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 21;
   h) any reservation made under the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 22;
   i) the withdrawal of any reservation carried out under the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22;
   j) any notification made under the provisions of Article 23 and the date on which the denunciation takes effect.

     In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.

     Done at Bern, this 19th day of September 1979, in English and French, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe. The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member State of the Council of Europe, to any signatory State, to the European Economic Community if a signatory and to any State invited to sign this Convention or to accede thereto.

   APPENDIX I
   Strictly protected flora species
   PTERIDOPHYTA
   ASPIDIACEAE
   Diplazium caudatum (Cav.) Jermy
   PTERIDACEAE Pteris serrulata Forssk.
   GYMNOSPERMAE
   PlNACEAE Abies nebrodensis (Lojac.) Mattei
   ANGIOSPERMAE
   ALISMATACEAE Alisma wahlenbergii (O.R. Holmberg) Juzepezuk
   BERBERIDACEAE Gymnospermium altaicum (Pallas) Spach
   BORAGINACEAE Anchusa crispa Viv. Myosotis rehsTeneri Wartm. Omphalodes littoralis Lehin. Onosma caespitosum Kotschy Onosma troodi Kotschy Solenanthus albanicus (Degen et al.) Degen & Baldacci Symphytum cycladense Pawl.
   CAMPANULACEAE Campanula sabatia De Not.
   CARYOPHYLLACEAE Arenaria lithops Heywood ex McNeill Gypsophila papillosa P. Porta Loeflingia tavaresiana G. Samp. Silene orphanidis Boiss. Silene rothmaleri Pinto de Silva Silene velutina Pourret ex Loisel.
   CHENOPODIACEAE Kochia saxicola Guss. Salicornia veneta Pignatti & Lausi
   CISTACEAE Tuberaria major (Willk.) Pinto da Silva
   COMPOSlTAE Anacyclus alboranensis Esteve Chueca & Varo Anthemis glaberrima (Rech.f) Greuter Artemisia granatensis Poiss. Artemisia laciniata Willd. Aster pyrenaeus Dosf. ex DC. Aster sibiricus L. Centaurea balearica J.D. Rodriguez Centaurea heldreichii Halaosy Centaurea horrida Badaro Centaurea kalambakensis Freyn & Sint. Centaurea lactiflora Halacsy Centaurea lineresii Lazaro Centaurea megarensis Halacsy & Hayek Centaurea niederi Heldr. Centaurea peucedanifolia Boiss. & Orph. Centaurea princeps Boiss. & Heldr. Crepis crocifolia Boiss. & Heldr. Lamyropsis microcephala (Moris) Dittrich & Greuter Leontodon siculus (Guss.) Finch & Sell Logfia neglecta (Soy. Will.) Holub Senecio alboranicus Maire
   CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter
   CRUCIFERAE Alyssum akamasicum B.L. Burtt Alyssum fastigiatum Heywood Arabis kennedyae Meikle Biscutella neustriaca Bonnet Brassica hilarionis Post Brassica macrocarpa Guss Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge Coronopus navasii Pau Diplotaxis siettiana Maire Enarthrocarpus pterocarpus DC. Hutera rupestris P. Porta Iberis arbuscula Runemark Ionopsidium acaule (Desf.) Reichenb. Ptilotrichum pyrenaicum (Lapeyr.) Boiss. Rhynchosinapis johnstonii (G. Samp.) Heywood Sisymbrium matritense P.W. Ball & Heywood
   EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia ruscinonensis Boiss.
   G RAMINEAE Stipa bavarica Martinovsky & H. Scholz
   GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes sardoum Martelli
   HYPERICACEAE Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.K.B. Robson
   IRIDACEAE Crocus cyprius Boiss. & Kotschy Crocus hartmannianus Holmboe
   LABIATAE Amaracus cordifolium Montr. & Auch. Micromeria taygetea P.H. Davis Nepeta sphaciotica P.H. Davis Phlomis brevibracteata Turrill Phlomis cypria Post Salvia crassifolia Sibth. & Smith Sideritis cypria Post Thymus camphoratus Hoffmann's & Link Thymus carnosus Boiss. Thymus cephalotos L.
   LEGUMINOSEAE Astragalus algarbiensis Coss. ex Bunge Astragalus aquilinus Anzalone Astragalus maritimus Moris Astragalus verrucosus Moris Cytisus aeolicus Guss. ex Lindi. Ononis maweana Ball Oxytropis deflexa (Pallas) DC.
   LENTIBULARIACEAE Pinguicula crystallina Sibth & Smith
   LILIACEAE Androcymbium rechingeri Greuter Chionodoxa lochiae Meikle Muscari gussonei (Pari.) Tod. Scilla morrisii Meikle
   ORCHIDACEAE Ophyrys kotschyi Fleisch. & Soo
   PAPAVERACEAE Rupicapnos africana (Lam.) Pomel
   PLUMBAGINACEAE Armeria rouyana Daveau Limonium paradoxum Pugsley Limonium recurvum C.E. Salmon
   POLYGONACEAE Rheum rhaponticum L.
   PRIMULACEAE Primula apennina Widmer Primula egaliksensis Wormsk.
   RANUNCULACEAE Aquilegia cazorlensis Heywood Aquilegia kitaibelii Schott Consolida samia P.H. Davis Delphinium caseyi B.L. Burtt Ranunculus kykkoensis Miekle Ranunculus weyleri Mares
   RUBIACEAE Galium litorale Guss.
   SCROPHULARIACEAE Antirrhinum charidemi Lange Euphrasia marchesetti Wettst. ex Marches. Linaria algarviana Chav. Linaria ficalhoana Rouy
   SELAGINACEAE Globularia stygia Orph. ex Boiss.
   SOLANACEAE Atropa baetica Willk.
   THYMELAEACEAE Daphne rodriguezii Texidor
   UMBELLIFERAE Angelica heterocarpa Lloyd Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffman Bupleurum kakiskalac Greuter Ferula cypria Post Laserpitium longiradium Boiss. Oenanthe conioides Lange
   VALERIANACEAE Valeriana longiflora Willk.
   VIOLACEAE Viola hispida Lam. Viola jaubertiana Mares & Vigineix

   APPENDIX 11 Strictly protected fauna species
   Mammals
   INSECTIVORA Talpidae Desmana pyrenaica (Galemys pyrenaicus) MICROCHIROPTERA all species except Pipistrellus pipistrellus 
   RODENTIA
   Sciuridae Citellus citellus Cricetidae Cricetus criceus Hystricidae Hystrix cristata CARNIVORA Canidae Canis lupus Alopex lagopus Ursidae all species Mustelidae Lutreola (Mustela) lutreola Lutra lutra Gulo gulo Felidae Lynx pardina (pardellus) Panthera pardus Panthera tigris Odobenidae Odobenus rosmarus Phocidae Monachus monachus ARTIODACTYLA Bovidae Capra aegagrus Rupicapra rupicapra ornata Ovibos moschatus ODONTOCETI Delphinidae Delphinus delphis Tursiops truncatus (tursio) Phocaenidae Phocaena phocaena
   MYSTACOCETI Balaenopteridae Sibbaldus (Balaenoptera) musculus Megaptera novaengliae (longimana. nodosa) Balaenidae Eubalaena glacialis Balaena mysticetus
   Birds
   GAVIIFORMES
   Gaviidae all species PODICIPEDIFORMES Podicipedidae Podiceps griseigena Podiceps auritus Podiceps nigricollis (caspicus) Podiceps ruficollis
   PROCELLARIIFORMES Hydrobatidae all species Procellariidae Puffinus puffinus Procellaria diomedea 
   PELECANIFORMES
   Phalacrocoracidae Phalocrocorax pygmaeus
   Pelecanidae all species
   CICONIIFORMES
   Ardeidae Ardea purpurea Casmerodius albus (Egretta alba)
   Egretta garzetta Ardeola ralloides Bulbucus (Ardeola) ibis Nycticorax nycticorax Ixobrychus minutus Botaurus stellaris Ciconiidae all species Threskiornithidae all species Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus ruber 
   ANSERIFORMES Anatidae Cygnus cygnus Cygnus bewickii (columbianus) Anser erythropus Branta leucopsis Branta ruficollis Tadorna tadorna Tadorna ferruginea Marmaronetta (Anas) angustirostris Somateria spectabilis Polysticta stelleri Histrionicus histrionicus Bucephala islandica Mergus albellus Oxyura leucocephala
   FALCONIFORMES all species
   GRUIFORMES Turnicidae Turnix sylvatica Gruidae all species Rallidae Porzana porzana Porzana pusilla Porzana parva Crex crex Porphyrio porphyrio Fulica cristata Ottidae all species
   CHARADRIIFORMES Charadriidae Hoplopterus spinosus Charadrius hiaticula Charadrius dubius Charadrius alexandrinus Charadrius leschenaulti Eudromias morinellus Arenaria interpres Scolopacidae Gallinago media Numenius tenuirostris Tringa stagnatilis Tringa ochropus Tringa glareola Tringa hypoleucos Tringa cinerea Calidris. minuta Calidris temminckii Calidris maritima Calidris alpina Calidris ferruginea Calidris alba Limicola falcinellus Recurvirostridae all species Phalaropodidae all species Burhinidae Burhinus oedicnemus Glareolidae all species Laridae Pagophila eburnea Larus audouinii Larus melanocephalus Larus genei Larus minutus Larus (Xenia) sabini Chalidonias niger Chlidonias leucopterus Chlidonias hybrida Gelochelidon nilotica Hydroprogne caspia Sterna hirundo Sterna paradisaea (macrura) Sterna dougallii Sterna albifrons Sterna sandvicensis COLUMBIFORMES Pteroclididae all species
   CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae Clamator glandarius 
   STRIGIFORMES all species
   CAPRIMULGIFORMES Caprimulgidae all species
   APODIFORMES Apodidae Apus pallidus Apus melba Apus caffer CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis 
   Meropidae Merops apiaster
   Coraciidae Coracias garrulus 
   Upopidae Upopa epops
   PICIFORMES all species 
   PASSERIFORMES
   Aludidae Calandrella brachydactyla Calandrella rufescens Melanocorypha calandra Melanocorypha leucoptera Melanocorypha yeltoniensis Galerida theklae Eremophila alpestris Hirundinidae all species Motacillidae all species Laniidae all species Bombycillidae Bombycilla garrulus Cinclidae Cinclus cinclus Troglodytidae Troglodytes troglodytes Prunellidae all species MuscicapidaeTurdinae Saxicola rubetra Saxicola torquata Oenanthe oenanthe Oenanthe pleschanka (leucomela) Oenanthe hispanica Oenanthe isabellina Oenanthe leucura Cercotrichas galactotes Monticola saxatilis Monticola solitarius Phoenicurus ochruros Phoenicurus phoenicurus Erithacus rubecula Luscinia megarhynchos Luscinia luscinia Luscinia (Cyanosylvia) svecica Tarsiger cyanurus Sylviinae all species Regulinae all species Muscicapinae all species Timaliinae Panurus biarmicus Paridae all species Sittidae all species Certhiidae all species Emberizidae Emberiza citrinella Emberiza leucophala Emberiza cirluce Emberiza cineracea Emberiza caesia Emberiza cia Emberiza schoeniclus Emberiza melanocephala Emberiza aureola Emberiza pusilla Emberiza rustica Plectrophenax nivalis Calcarius lapponicus Fringillidae Carduelis chloris Carduelis carduelis Carduelis spinus Carduelis flavirostris Carduelis cannabina Carduelis f1ammea Carduelis hornemanni Serinus citrinella Serinus serinus Loxia curvirostra Loxia pityopsittacus Loxia leucoptera Pinicola enucleator Carpodacus erythrinus Rhodopechys githaginea Coccothraustes coccothraustes Ploceidae Petronia petronia Montrifringilla nivalis Sturnidae Sturnus unicolor Sturnus roseus Oriolidae Oriolus oriolus Corvidae Perisoreus infaustus Cyanopica cyanus Nucifraga caryocatactes Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Pyrrhocorax graculus
   Reptiles
   TESTUDINES Testudinidae Testudo hermanni Testudo graeca Testudo marginata Emydidae Emys orbicularis Mauremys caspica Dermochelyidae Dermochelys coriacea Cheloniidae Caretta caretta Lepidochelys kempii Chelonia mydas Eretmochelys imbricata SAURI A Gekkonidae Cyrtodactylus kotschyi Chamaeleontidae Chamaeleon chamaeleon Lacertidae Algyroides marchi Lacerta lepida Lacerta parva Lacerta simonyi Lacerta princeps Lacerta viridis Podarcis muralis Podarcis lilfordi Podarcis sicula Podarcis filfolensis Scincidae Ablepharus kitaibelii
   OPHIDIA
   Colubridae Coluber hippocrepis Elaphe situla Elaphe quatuorlineata Elaphe longissima Coronella austriaca
   Viperidae Vipera ursinii Vipera latasti Vipera ammodytes Vipera xanthina Vipera lebetina Vipera kaznakovi
   Amphibians
   CAUDATA Salamandridae Salamandra (Mertensiella) luschani Salamandrina terdigitata Chioglossa lusitanica Triturus cristatus Proteidae Proteus anguinus
   ANURA Discoglossidae Bombina variegata Bombina bombina Alytes obstetricans Alytes cisternasii Pelobatidae Pelobates cultripes Pelobates fuscus Bufonidae Bufo calamita Bufo viridis Hylidae Hyla arborea Ranidae Rana arvalis Rana dalmatina Rana latastei

   APPENDIX III Protected fauna species Mammals
   INSECTIVORA
   Erinaceidae Erinaceus europaeus Soricidae all species
   MICROCHIROPTERA
   Vespertilionlidae Pipistrellus pipistrellus
   DUPLICIDENTATA Leporidae Lepus timidus Lepus capensis (europaeus)
   RODENTIA Sciuridae Sciurus vulgaris Marmota marmota Castoridae Castor fiber Gliridae all species
   Microtidae Microtus ratticeps (oeconomus) Microtus nivalis (lebrunii)
   CETACEA all species not mentioned in Appendix II CARNIVORA Mustelidae Meles meles Mustela erminea Mustela nivalis Putorius (Mustela) putorius Martes martes Martes foina Viverridae all species Felidae Felis catus (silvestris) Lynx lynx Phocidae Phoca vitulina Pusa (Phoca) hispida Pagophilus groenlandicus (Phoca groenlandica) Erignathus barbatus Halichoerus grypus Cystophora cristata
   ARTIODACTYLA Suidae Sus scrofa meridionalis Cervidae all species Bovidae Ovis aries (musimon, ammon) Capra ibex Capra pyrenaica Rupicapra rupicapra
   Birds
   all species not included in Appendix II with the exception of: Larus marinus Larus fuscus Larus agentatus Columba pallumbus Passer domesticus Sturnus vulgaris Garrulus glandarius Pica pica Corvus monedula
   Corvus frugilegus Corvus corone (coronet and cornix)
   Amphibians
   A11 species not included in Appendix II
   Reptiles
   All species not included in Appendix II

   APPENDIX IV
   Prohibited means and methods of killing, capture and other forms of exploitation
   MAMMALS
   Snares Live animals used as decoys which are blind or mutilated Tape recorders Electrical devices capable of killing and stunning Artificial light sources Mirrors and other dazzling devices Devices for illuminating targets Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter
   Explosives 1 1 Except for whale hunting Nets 2 2 If applied for large scale or non-selective capture or killing. Traps 2 2 If applied for large scale or non-selective capture or killing. Poison and poisoned or anaesthetic bait Gassing or smoking out Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition Aircraft Motor vehicles in motion
   BIRDS
   Snares 3 3 Except Lagopus north of latitude 58 deg N. Limes Hooks Live birds used as decoys which are blind or mutilated Tape recorders Electrical devices capable of killing and stunning Artificial light sources Mirrors and other dazzling devices Devices for illuminating targets Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter Explosives Nets Traps Poison and poisoned or anaesthetic bait Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition Aircraft Motor vehicles in motion
Short Name:	Bern Convention
Full Name:	Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
Purpose:	environment
Established:	19-Sep-1979
Entered into force:	01-Jun-1982
Type:	convention, multi-lateral
Place where established:	Bern, Switzerland
Schedule to expire:
Goals and Objectives:	The purpose of this Convention is to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats, especially those species and habitats whose conservation requires the cooperation of several States, and to promote such cooperation. Particular emphasis is given to endangered and vulnerable species, including endangered and vulnerable migratory species.
Related Legislation:
Internet source:	#http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Treaties/Html/104.htm#
Secretariat's address	Council of Europe-67075 Strasbourg- Cedex, France
Telephone	+33. 3.88.41.34.76
Fax
E-Mail	Treaty.Office@coe.int#mailto:Treaty.Office@coe.int#
Home Page	#http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/Treaties/Html/104.htm#