Preferred temperature (مرجع 
123201): 0.5 - 6.4, mean 2.9 °C (based on 495 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (مرجع 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5625   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00626 - 0.00838), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 
93245).
					
					مستوى غذائي  (مرجع 
69278):  4.2   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.					
											
				
				
										
						المرونه  (مرجع 
120179):  منخفض, الحد  الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع  4.5-14 سنة (Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 
36717); tmax=25; tm=3-8; K=0.11-0.27; Fec >1million).					
						 Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 13 full stock assessments.					
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100). 
🛈					
					Climate Vulnerability  (Ref. 
125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100). 
🛈					
						Nutrients  (Ref. 
124155):  Calcium = 13.9 [9.0, 26.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.194 [0.130, 0.305] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.1, 19.0] %; Omega3 = 0.377 [0.161, 0.932] g/100g; Selenium = 14.1 [4.9, 39.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.51 [0.66, 26.54] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.353 [0.271, 0.433] mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.