| 引用出處 | Gross, M.R. and R. Shine, 1981, Parental care and mode of fertilization in ectothermic vertebrates.. Evolution 35(4):775-793. |
| 參考文獻 | 85663 Gross, M.R. and R. Shine, 1981 |
| 頁 | 792 |
| Named Used as Valid | Trachurus longimanus |
| 附註 | Information used from this reference refer to characteristics of the family in general. |
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