Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 21 - 40 m (Ref. 5222). Subtropical; 33°N - 13°S, 118°W - 76°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to Peru, including Revillagigedo and Galapagos Islands, Cocos Island, Clipperton Island.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5222); peso máx. publicado: 12.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 11; Raios dorsais (total): 18-20; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais : 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body depth, 2.1-2.5 in SL; dorsal profile of head is steep; eye diameter less than snout length, 5.2-8.0 in HL; short pectoral fins, length 18-26% of SL; rounded caudal fin; smooth scales, mostly covered by skin; lateral line scales 62-67 (Ref. 089707).
A diurnal predator that feeds on small benthic fishes and occasionally on crustaceans. Often it uses browsing herbivorous fishes as a moving blind in order to feed on the cryptic fauna disturbed by these browsers; it will also follow foraging moray eels to catch the fishes frightened from their hiding places. Small juveniles have been seen hiding among the long spines of the dark-colored sea urchin, Centrostephanus coronatus.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial; peixe esportivo: sim
Mais informação
ReferênciasAquaculturaPerfil para aquaculturaEstirpesGenéticaElectrophoresesHereditariedadeDoençasProcessamentoNutrientsConversão de massa
ColaboradoresFotosStamps, Coins Misc.SonsCiguateraVelocidadeTipo de nataçãoÁrea branquialOtólitosCérebrosVisão
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23 - 26.3, mean 24.6 °C (based on 7 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00558 - 0.02364), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 13.4 [7.5, 27.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.458 [0.229, 0.802] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.6, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.193 [0.111, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.6, 35.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 71.9 [22.3, 259.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.509 [0.328, 0.786] mg/100g (wet weight);