Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; intervalo de profundidade 22 - 103 m (Ref. 5222). Tropical; 39°N - 34°S, 114°E - 155°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Pacific: Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, off eastern Australia (between 25°S-32°S), and off the coast of Western Australia (south of 19°30'S).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 68.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5222)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 11; Raios dorsais moles (total): 18-21; Espinhos anais 3; Raios anais moles: 9 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark brown or violet-black body color, darker fins; oval body, compressed, depth contained 2.4-2.7 times in the standard length; head length 3.0-3.4 times in SL; distinctly convex dorsal head profile; nostrils subequal in juveniles, diameter of posterior nostrils twice that of anterior nostrils in 56 cm SL adults; small mouth, oblique, pair of short canines at front of each premaxilla (Ref. 89707).
An anti-tropical species. Occurs on rocky or soft (silty-sand or mud) bottoms. The young have been observed to feed on zooplankton in the water column; feeding of adults has not yet been discovered.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Mais informação
Nomes comunsSinónimosMetabolismoPredadoresEcotoxicologiaReproduçãoMaturidadeDesovaAgregação para desovaFecundidadeOvosDesenvolvimento dos ovos
ReferênciasAquaculturaPerfil para aquaculturaEstirpesGenéticaElectrophoresesHereditariedadeDoençasProcessamentoNutrientsMass conversion
ColaboradoresFotografiasStamps, Coins Misc.SonsCiguateraVelocidadeTipo de nataçãoÁrea branquialOutras referênciasCérebrosVisão
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 17.9 - 25.7, mean 23.7 °C (based on 53 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00558 - 0.02364), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
