分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 20 - 50 m (Ref. 4319). 亞熱帶的; 25°S - 33°S, 30°E - 46°E (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: known only from Madagascar, Natal in South Africa, and southern Mozambique.
西印度洋: 已知只來自馬達加斯加，南非的納塔爾與莫三比克南部了。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4319); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 4319)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9. Distinguished by the following characteristics: body color dark reddish brown; head and body covered with small, irregular, close-set, dark red or reddish brown spots, pale interspaces forming irregular pale network pattern; 4 narrow, irregular, oblique, pale bars running down and forward on body; paired fins generally darker than body; body depth contained 3.1-3.5 times in SL; body width 1.7-2.0 times in depth; head length 2.3-2.4 times in SL; interorbital width 5.9-6.8 times in HL; concave interorbital area; rounded preopercle, finely serrate, shallow indentation just above angle; upper edge of operculum almost straight; inconspicuous opercular spines; posterior and anterior nostrils subequal; maxilla not reaching past eye; front of upper jaw with a pair of large, curved, fixed canines and a pair of similar but slightly smaller canines at front of lower jaw; lateral part of lower jaws with an outer row of 8-9 slightly smaller fixed canines and an inner row of smaller , more slender depressible teeth (Ref. 89707).
Appears to be a rare species, but it is of some importance to South African sport fishers along the northern coast of Natal. Coral reef-associated species inhabiting depths of 20-50 m (Ref. 89707). Feeds on fishes and invertebrates (Ref. 89707). Testes of a 61 cm SL specimen contained a central lumen and numerous 'brown bodies' along the lateral edges of the gonadal lamellae.
似乎一個稀有的種, 但是它是一些重要對南非釣客沿著納塔爾的北海岸。 61 公分 SL 標本的睪丸包含了一個中央的內腔，而且很多的 '褐色身體' 沿著 gonadal 嗅板的側面邊緣。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西印度洋: 已知只來自馬達加斯加，南非的納塔爾與莫三比克南部了。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 24.7, mean 24.2 °C (based on 4 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00571 - 0.02419), b=3.04 (2.88 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
