Engraulis encrasicolus, European anchovy : fisheries, bait

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Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)

European anchovy
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Engraulis encrasicolus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Engraulis encrasicolus
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分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Engraulis: Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 汽水性の; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 400 m (Ref. 2683). Subtropical; 62°N - 37°S, 18°W - 42°E (Ref. 54230)

分布 国々 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | Point map | 導入 | Faunafri

Eastern Atlantic: Bergen, Norway to East London, South Africa (perhaps reaching Durban) (Ref. 10000). Also all of Mediterranean, Black and Azov seas, with stray individuals in Suez Canal and Gulf of Suez; also recorded from St. Helena (Ref. 189). Reported from Estonia (Ref. 33247).

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 10.1, range 9 - 14 cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 189); common length : 13.5 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 189); 最大公表体重: 0.00 g; 最大記録サイズ: 5 年 (Ref. 92145)

簡単な記述 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計): 0; 背鰭 (合計): 16-18; 肛門の骨 0; 臀鰭: 13 - 15; 脊つい: 46 - 47. Snout pointed; maxilla short, tip blunt, reaching almost to front border of pre-operculum, not projecting beyond tip of second supra-maxilla; tip of lower jaw reaching almost to below nostril. Gill rakers present on hind face of third epibranchial. Pseudobranch longer than eye, reaching onto inner face of operculum. A silver stripe along flank, disappearing with age.

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Mainly oceanic, marine species, forming large schools (see Ref. 126017:598). Tolerates salinities of 5-41 ppt and in some areas, enters lagoons, estuaries and lakes, especially during spawning. Tends to move further north and into surface waters in summer, retreating and descending in winter. Feeds on planktonic organisms. Spawns from April to November with peaks usually in the warmest months. Eggs are ellipsoidal to oval, floating in the upper 50 m and hatching in 24-65 hours. Marketed fresh, dried, smoked, canned and frozen; made into fish meal (Ref. 9987).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | | 生産力 | 幼生

Pelagic spawners. Gametogenesis is continuous, multiple spawning. Spawning peaks are usually in the warmer months which makes this species a spring-summer spawner. The limits of the spawning season is dependent on temperature and is therefore more restricted in northern areas. Sex ratio: 45% female (Ref. 5580).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 May 2013

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 高い商業の; 餌: usually
FAO - 水産業: landings, 種の外形; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

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インターネットの情報源

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7.1 - 18, mean 10.8 °C (based on 667 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5020   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00468 (0.00423 - 0.00518), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.36 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.0 (1.6 - 2.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 47 growth studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, 1.4年~4.4年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.3-1.73; tmax=6; Fec =13,000-503,000).
Prior r = 0.59, 95% CL = 0.39 - 0.91, Based on 21 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (9 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 170 [78, 369] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.63, 2.85] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.6, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.976 [0.611, 1.574] g/100g; Selenium = 19.1 [9.3, 36.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.5 [4.4, 51.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.79, 1.84] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.