分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Shaw.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 10 - 30 m (Ref. 48636). 热带; 19°N - 23°S, 28°E - 150°W
Indo-Pacific: Yemen coast of the Gulf of Aden and southern Oman, along the east coast of Africa to Port Alfred, South Africa (33°S), east to the Caroline and Somoan islands; southern Japan to southern Queensland.
印度-太平洋: 亚丁湾的也门海岸与阿曼南方, 沿着到南非的艾佛烈港 (33个 °S) 的非洲东岸, 东至加罗林群岛与 Somoan 岛; 日本南部到昆士兰南部。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48636); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 48636)
背棘 (总数): 8; 背的软条 (总数): 9; 臀棘 1; 臀鳍软条: 7. Diagnosis: Pectoral rays 16 (rarely 15 or 17). Gill rakers 5-7 + 18-21 (total 24-27)> Body depth 3.25-3.75 in SL; head length (HL) 2.9-3.25 in SL; snout length 1.65-1.95 in HL; barbel length 1.3-1.5 in HL. Longest dorsal spine 1.5-1.8 in HL; penultimate dorsal ray about equal to last dorsal ray in juveniles, 1.05-1.2 in length of last dorsal ray of adults; pectoral-fin length 1.35-1.55 in HL; pelvic-fin length 1.3-1.5 in HL. Body greenish brown to reddish brown dorsally, the scale edges narrowly dark, shading to whitish or pale pink ventrally, with a nearly round black spot as large or larger than eye on side of caudal peduncle, two-thirds of which lies above the lateral line; a large, horizontally elongate yellow spot (sometimes partly white) on lateral line below interdorsal space; barbels white; irregular pale blue lines extending anteroventrally and dorsoposteriorly from eye; second dorsal and anal fins with irregular oblique pale blue lines; caudal fin yellowish gray with faint blue lines paralleling rays; peritoneum dark brown (pale brown to white in other species of the genus except Parupeneus barberinus) (Ref. 54393).
鉴别: 胸鳍鳍条 16.(很少地 15 或 17) 鳃耙 5-7+18-21(总数 24-27)> 体高 3.25-3.75 分之一标准体长; 头长 (HL)2.9-3.25 分之一标准体长; 吻的长度 1.65-1.95个 HL比率; 触须长度 1.3-1.5个 HL比率。 长的背棘 1.5-1.8个 HL比率; 倒数第二的背鳍鳍条在稚鱼中大约等于最后的背鳍鳍条, 成鱼的最后背鳍鳍条的 1.05-1.2个长; 胸鳍长度 1.35-1.55个 HL比率; 腹鳍长度 1.3-1.5个 HL比率。 身體綠褐色的到紅褐色的背面, 鱗片邊緣狹窄深色, 顏色變化成微白色或者白粉紅色的腹地, 具有一個在尾柄的側邊上的如大或者大於眼的幾乎圓黑色的斑點, 其中的三分之二個位於側線上面; 大, 在間背片的間隙之下水平地在側線上延長黃斑 (有時部分白色); 觸鬚白色; 不規則的藍灰色線延伸前腹部地與後背地從眼; 第二背鰭與臀鰭有不規則的斜藍灰色線; 尾鰭黃灰色的有模糊的平行鰭條的藍色的線; 腹膜深褐色的 (在其他種的本屬白褐色到白色除 單帶海緋鯉〔Parupeneus barberinus〕 ).(參考文獻 54393)
Inhabit shallow sandy or silty areas (seagrass substrata) of coastal and inner lagoon reefs (Ref. 9710, 54393). Occur singly or in schools (Ref. 5213). Large adults usually at moderate depths to about 30 m (Ref. 48636). Feed on benthic invertebrates; the diet including small crabs, amphipods, shrimps, small octopuses, polychaete worms, and small fishes (Ref. 54393). Marketed fresh (Ref. 5284).
栖息于水浅的沙地或海岸的与舄湖内部礁的淤泥区域 (海草下层土壤) 。 (参考文献 9710,54393) 各别地或成群生存。 (参考文献 5213) 大的成鱼通常在深度中等之处到大约 30 公尺。 (参考文献 48636) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物; 食性包括小的螃蟹，片脚类动物，虾，小的章鱼，多毛类的蠕虫与小鱼.(参考文献 54393) 在市场上销售生鲜地了。 (参考文献 5284)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 亚丁湾的也门海岸与阿曼南方, 沿着到南非的艾佛烈港 (33个 °S) 的非洲东岸, 东至加罗林群岛与 Somoan 岛; 日本南部到昆士兰南部。
Randall, J.E., 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (36):64 p. (Ref. 54393)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.2 - 29, mean 28.2 °C (based on 442 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00956 - 0.01444), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.67, 95% CL = 0.44 - 1.01, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.3 [14.0, 66.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.276 [0.137, 0.641] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [14.9, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.12 [0.07, 0.23] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [21.2, 118.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 178 [31, 850] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.611 [0.357, 1.147] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
