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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Encrasicholina: Greek, egkrasicholos, -os, -on = mixed with spleen. More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
; marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 20 - 50 m (Ref. 28016). Tropical; 32°N - 26°S, 30°E - 170°W (Ref. 189)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to northern Madagascar and the Bay of Bengal; southern Japan and northern coast of Australia to the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa.
Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ?, range 5 - 6.7 cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 48635); common length : 7.5 cm NG macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27550)
Espinhos dorsais (total): 0; Espinhos anais 0; Raios anais moles: 14 - 16. Belly rounded with 4 to 6 sharp needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. Maxilla tip pointed, projecting beyond second supra-maxilla and reaching to sub-operculum. Isthmus short, preceded by a small bony plate on urohyal between branchial membranes. Unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays only. Anal fin short. In life, a distinct blue upper edge to its lateral stripe and a dull silver or grey band on flank, the back beige.
A schooling species found inshore, but also inhabits deep bays under oceanic influence. Rarely enter mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Probably feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans (e.g., copepods, Ref. 8591). Eggs are oval, without a knob at one end. Eggs occur intermittently in the lower reaches of mangrove waters (Ref. 43081). Utilized mostly for bait, but also for human consumption as dried fish or fermented sauce (Ref. 9987).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 123251)
CITES (Ref. 123416)
Not Evaluated
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pouco comercial; isco: usually
Mais informação
ReferênciasAquaculturaPerfil para aquaculturaEstirpesGenéticaFrequência dos alelosHereditariedadeDoençasProcessamentoMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.2 - 28.8, mean 27.9 °C (based on 375 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00476 - 0.00664), b=3.15 (3.10 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.6 (0.5 - 0.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.80-4.09; tm=0.36-0.98).
Prior r = 0.37, 95% CL = 0.25 - 0.56, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Vulnerabilidade (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .