分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 4 - 300 m (Ref. 11888). 熱帶; 37°N - 34°S, 28°E - 169°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Indian Ocean: restricted.
印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾與向東至西太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 來自波斯灣的紀錄顯然地是 多鱗石斑魚〔Epinephelus polylepis〕 的誤鑑。 未證實從科摩洛，阿曼和柬埔寨之間的大陸棚，台灣，菲律賓，印尼與澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 27.0, range 23 - 31 cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 89707); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 4787); 最大年齡: 29 年 (Ref. 42001)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 16-18; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Live color whitish, with small dark brown spots on head, body, and fins except ventrally on head, thorax, and lower abdomen. Can assume a transient color phase of 3-4 rows of very large round dark spots on top of the small-spot pattern. 96-125 scales in longitudinal series. Pyloric caeca 26-52 (Ref. 04787); characterized further by having ctenoid body scales, except cycloid scales on nape, thorax, parts of ventral abdomen; body with auxiliary scales; greatest depth of body 2.8-3.3 in SL; truncate to slightly emarginate caudal fin; pelvic fins 1.7-2.4 in head length (Ref. 90102); interorbital slightly convex; preopercle angle rounded, 4-7 enlarged serrae at angle below a slight notch; upper edge of operculum straight; posterior nostril not noticeably larger than anterior nostril; maxilla reaches about to vertical at rear edge of eye; scaly maxilla, low step on posterior part of ventral edge; 2-4 rows of teeth in midlateral part of lower jaw, inner ones about twice the size of outer teeth (Ref. 089707).
活體顏色微白色的, 除了頭部的腹面、胸部與下腹部以外的頭部，身體與鰭上有小的深褐色的斑點。 能在小-斑點圖案的頂端上呈現 3 的短暫色相 -4 列的非常大的深色圓斑。 在縱向的系列中的 96-125個鱗片。 幽門盲囊 26-52.
Found over a wide range of habitats like seagrass beds and outer reef slopes (Ref. 5213), also on mud bottoms. Solitary (Ref. 90102). Feed on small fishes and crustaceans (mainly stomatopods and crabs). Sexual transition from female to male occurs between 35-45 cm, but not all females change sex. Mature individuals form spawning aggregations (Ref. 55367). E. chlorostigma is closely related and very similar to E. polylepis and E. gabriellae which seem to replace it in the northwestern Indian Ocean. Solitary (Ref. 90102).
發現在寬範圍的棲息地上了例如海草床與外礁斜坡;(參考文獻 5213) 在南中國海，它也被發現於泥底。 吃小魚與甲殼動物。 (主要地口足目甲殼類與螃蟹) 性的從母魚到雄魚的轉變在 35-45 公分之間出現, 但是不是所有的雌性性別。 被產卵群集的表格.(參考文獻 55367) E. chlorostigma 接近地被講並且非常類似似乎在在西北部的印度洋取代它的 E. polylepis 與 E. gabriellae。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Sex change occurs at length of 46.4 cm TL and 3 years of age (Ref. 55367). Also Ref. 6976.印度-太平洋: 紅海到南非的納塔爾與向東至西太平洋, 北至日本南部, 南至新加勒多尼亞。 來自波斯灣的紀錄顯然地是 多鱗石斑魚〔Epinephelus polylepis〕 的誤鑑。 未證實從科摩洛，阿曼和柬埔寨之間的大陸棚，台灣，菲律賓，印尼與澳洲。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 November 2016
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.1 - 28.2, mean 25.8 °C (based on 1091 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00655 - 0.01674), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.17-0.19; tmax=29; tm=2-3; Fec = 1,014,818).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.5 [9.1, 41.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.234, 0.879] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [17.0, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.221] g/100g; Selenium = 53.6 [30.9, 95.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 139 [40, 484] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.75, 1.49] mg/100g (wet weight);
