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Acipenseriformes (Sturgeons and paddlefishes) >
Acipenseridae (Sturgeons) > Acipenserinae
Etymology: Acipenser: Latin, acipenser = sturgeon, 1853 (Ref. 45335); gueldenstaedtii: Named for Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745-1781)..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; анадромный (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 2 - 100 m, usually 10 - 25 m. Temperate; 10°C - 20°C (Ref. 2059); 61°N - 35°N, 26°E - 54°E
Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea basins. Introduced throughout Europe.
Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 236 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 59043); common length : 145 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3561); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 115.0 kg (Ref. 6866); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 46 годы (Ref. 3561)
Краткое описание
морфология | морфометрия
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 27-48; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 16 - 35. Under the name A. g. colchicus. Lower lip not continuous, interrupted at center. Five rows of scutes: dorsal 7-19, lateral 24-44 on each side, ventral 6-13 on each side, with lines of smaller stellate bony plates between the dorsal and ventral rows. Color of back olivaceous grey, flanks lighter, and belly white.
Anadromous and freshwater populations exist. At the sea, it occurs in shallow coastal and estuarine zones. In freshwaters, it inhabits deep parts of large rivers with moderate to swift current (Ref. 59043). Found mainly near the shore over sand and mud. Usually solitary, but swarms when hibernating or during spawning migrations. Occasionally forms schools (Ref. 3241). Feeds on benthic molluscs, crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns on stone or gravel bottom in large and deep rivers with strong current, 1-1.5 m/s (Ref. 59043). Mainly propagated through artificial reproduction.
Under the name A. g. colchicus. Spawns in rivers. Natural spawning not extensive, maintained chiefly by artificial propagation. Enters rivers from April to June (a few in autumn).
Sokolov, L.I. and L.S. Berdicheskii, 1989. Acipenseridae. p. 150-153. In J. Holcík (ed.) The freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part II. General introduction to fishes Acipenseriformes. AULA-Verlag Wiesbaden. 469 p. (Ref. 9953)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий; аквариум: общественные аквариумы
дополнительная информация
ссылкиаквакультура (рыбоводство)особенности рыбоводствастепень растяжениягенетикаElectrophoresesнаследуемостьболезниобработкаNutrientsMass conversion
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.7 - 15.9, mean 13.8 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00437 (0.00268 - 0.00711), b=3.12 (2.99 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): очень низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции более 14 лет (tm=11; Fec = 26,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.6 [8.4, 25.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.247 [0.150, 0.396] mg/100g; Protein = 17.4 [14.9, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.342 [0.189, 0.611] g/100g; Selenium = 23.6 [12.0, 45.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.63 [1.97, 16.00] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.512 [0.365, 0.722] mg/100g (wet weight);
