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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Pseudupeneus: Greek, pseudes = false + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 10 - 300 m (Ref. 4845), usually 20 - 75 m (Ref. 27000). Tropical; 35°N - 17°S
Western Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Angola, including offshore islands.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4845); common length : 35.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4845)
Épines dorsales (Total): 8; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 9; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 7
Inhabits the coastal waters of the continental shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4845).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Plus d'informations
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 27.9, mean 25.2 °C (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00635 - 0.01728), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (K=0.5; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 116 [68, 222] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.46, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.276 [0.158, 0.510] g/100g; Selenium = 88.9 [46.3, 164.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.7 [4.8, 43.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);
