分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Pseudupeneus: Greek, pseudes = false + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 300 m (Ref. 4845), usually 20 - 75 m (Ref. 27000). 熱帶; 35°N - 17°S
Western Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Angola, including offshore islands.
東大西洋: Agadir, 摩洛哥到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7313) 記錄來自 Palamos ，嘉泰羅尼亞人的海洋，在西北部的地中海了。 (參考文獻 45077)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4845); common length : 35.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4845)
背棘 (總數): 8; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 7
Inhabits the coastal waters of the continental shelf, over sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 2683). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 4845).
棲息於大陸棚的沿岸水域, 在沙泥底之上。 (參考文獻 2683) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 4845)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東大西洋: Agadir, 摩洛哥到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7313) 記錄來自 Palamos ，嘉泰羅尼亞人的海洋，在西北部的地中海了。 (參考文獻 45077)
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 27.9, mean 25.2 °C (based on 104 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00635 - 0.01728), b=3.08 (2.94 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.41 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.5; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 116 [68, 222] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.46, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.2, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.276 [0.158, 0.510] g/100g; Selenium = 88.9 [46.3, 164.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.7 [4.8, 43.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1 [1, 1] mg/100g (wet weight);
