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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Gerreidae (Mojarras)
Etymology: Gerres: Latin, gerres = a kind of anchovies; cited by Plinius.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 4372). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 32°N - 35°S, 25°E - 171°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar to Japan and Australia; New Caledonia (Ref. 26587) and Vanuatu (Ref. 13300). Enters rivers and lakes in Madagascar and the east coast of Africa. Not in the Middle East (Ref. 103159).
印度-太平洋: 東非與馬達加斯加到日本與澳洲。 記錄來自新加勒多尼亞 (參考文獻 26587) 與萬那度了。 (參考文獻 13300) 在馬達加斯加與非洲東岸進入河川與湖泊。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 116875); common length : 15.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4967)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 10-11; 臀棘 2-3; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8.
颜色通常银色的。 第二背鳍-鳍的棘非常长的。 (参考文献 4967) 垂直的斑点列沿着侧边.(参考文献 48635)
Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms (Ref. 44894), over sandy substrate (Ref. 12693). Juveniles are found in brackish mangrove estuaries, sometimes enter fresh water (Ref. 2847, 44894), lakes (Ref. 4323), tidal creeks (Ref. 44894) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12915). Feed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and forams on sand or muddy-sand bottoms (Ref. 12915), worms and insect larvae (Ref. 12693). Length at first reproduction was reported to be around 12 cm SL, for a population in a South African estuary (D. Woodland, pers.comm. 07/13). Salted or made into fish sauce.
可能进入湖 (参考文献 4323) 与河川较下游的淡水河段的海洋的种.(参考文献 12915) 成鱼是海岸的栖居动物发现于软质底部了。 (参考文献 44894) 稚鱼被发现于半咸淡的红树林河口, 有时进入淡水 (参考文献 2847,44894) 与潮汐的小溪.(参考文献 44894) 栖息于在沙的底部上的浅水区沿着海岸与在河口.(参考文献 12693) 在沙子或泥-沙上吃小型甲壳动物，多毛类动物与有孔动物底部 (参考文献 12915) ，蠕虫与昆虫幼生。 (参考文献 12693) 盐腌的或制成了魚醬。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Juveniles enter estuaries and mangrove areas at 1 cm SL and stay until they reach maturity, at which stage they move out to sea (Ref. 36558).印度-太平洋: 東非與馬達加斯加到日本與澳洲。 記錄來自新加勒多尼亞 (參考文獻 26587) 與萬那度了。 (參考文獻 13300) 在馬達加斯加與非洲東岸進入河川與湖泊。
Woodland, D.J., 1984. Gerreidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3409)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01004 - 0.01507), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 140 [77, 253] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [1, 2] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.8, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.24 [0.13, 0.42] g/100g; Selenium = 47.4 [26.5, 88.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [5.9, 46.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
