Leiognathus equula, Common ponyfish : fisheries, aquaculture

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Leiognathus equula (Forsskål, 1775)

Common ponyfish
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Leiognathus equula
Picture by Allen, G.R.

Классификация / Names народные названия | синонимы | Catalog of Fishes(род, виды) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) > Leiognathidae (Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes) > Leiognathinae
Etymology: Leiognathus: Greek, leios = smooth + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Forsskål.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный демерсальный; амфидромный; пределы глубины 10 - 110 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 30°N - 36°S, 27°E - 170°W

распространение страны | регионы FAO | Ecosystems | места находок | Point map | интродукции | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Persian Gulf and East Africa (including Reunion, Comoros, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius) to Fiji, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia.

Length at first maturity / Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm 10.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 28.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9710); common length : 18.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 47581)

Краткое описание морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 8; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число): 15-16; колючие лучи анального плавника 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 14 - 15. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body very deep, compressed, with a strongly humped back; body depth 1.7-1.9 times in standard length; mouth pointing downward when protracted; gill rakers short and fleshy, less than 1/2 length of corresponding gill lamellae, total gill rakers on first gill arch 18-22; head and breast scaleless; tubed scales on lateral line 61-66. Colour of adults, back greyish, belly silvery and many parallel close-set faint bars on back; usually a dark brown saddle on caudal peduncle; axil of pectoral fins grey to black; margin of soft dorsal fin black; both caudal-fin lobes with broad dusky margins; pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins colourless to yellowish. In juveniles (5-7 cm TL), thin, closely arranged, grey vertical lines descending from back to about midheight; membrane between anal-fin spines conspicuously yellow; posterior margin of caudal-fin lobes pale yellow and dusky; other fins hyaline; snout dotted black (Ref. 47581).

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Found in river mouths and muddy inshore areas (Ref. 2847, 37816), often in mangrove areas (Ref. 48635). Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms, usually between depths of 10-70 meters. Juveniles are commonly found in mangrove estuaries and tidal creeks, sometimes entering the lower reaches of freshwater streams (Ref. 44894). Adults move in schools. Frequently ascend into freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12693). Active by day (Ref. 12693). Feed on polychaetes, small crustaceans, small fishes (Ref. 30573) and worms (Ref. 12693). Important food fish in the tropics (Ref. 4376). Caught near the bottom with bottom trawls, set nets, push nets, dip nets, and beach seines. In Indian waters, schools near the surface during April-May when caught with drift gill nets. Larger specimens sorted for human consumption and marketed fresh or dried-salted, but surplus fish used to feed ducks, converted to fishmeal, or discarded (Ref. 47581).

Life cycle and mating behavior половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор : Woodland, David J. | соавторы

James, P.S.B.R., 1984. Leiognathidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pag. var. (Ref. 3424)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

  Harmless





Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквакультура (рыбоводство): коммерческий
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

дополнительная информация

страны
регионы FAO
Ecosystems
места находок
интродукции
Stocks
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хищники
экотоксикология
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половая зрелость
нерест
Spawning aggregation
Fecundity
икра
Развитие икры
ссылки
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особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28 °C (based on 1800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01660 (0.01308 - 0.02105), b=3.06 (2.99 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.0   ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.2 (0.9 - 1.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11 growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  высокий, минимальное время удвоения популяции до 15 месяцев (K=0.35-1.88).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 209 [112, 444] mg/100g; Iron = 1.6 [0.9, 2.9] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.12, 0.41] g/100g; Selenium = 73.2 [37.7, 156.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.83 [2.57, 24.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [1.02, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);