分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Stromateidae (Butterfishes)
鯧科 (Butterfishes)
Etymology: Peprilus: Greek, peprilos, paprax, certain fish from Tracia.
More on author: Fowler.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 深度上下限 2 - 275 m (Ref. 53006), usually 155 - 225 m (Ref. 53006). 亞熱帶的; 39°N - 17°N, 99°W - 73°W
Western Atlantic: entire Gulf of Mexico, from Tampa region in Florida, USA to Yucatan in Mexico; also in Virginia to northeastern Florida, USA (but possibly representing P. tricanthus instead, Ref. 53006).
西大西洋: 整個的墨西哥灣, 從在美國佛羅里達到墨西哥的尤卡坦半島的坦帕市區域; 也在維吉尼亞到美國的佛羅里達東北方。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 13.0, range 10 - 16 cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
This species is distinguished by the following characters: body oval, deep (its depth less than 2.5 times in total length) and strongly compressed; eye surrounded by a small area of adipose tissue; snout short and blunt, lower jaw projecting somewhat beyond upper; mouth small, tip of maxillary not reaching below eye margin; teeth in jaws very small, in one row while those in the upper jaw flattened and with 3 tiny cusps; dorsal and anal fin bases very long (about equal in length), the anterior fin rays elevated, but fins not falcate, and both fins preceded by 3 short, weak, spines; caudal fin deeply forked; pectoral fins long (longer than head) and pointed; pelvic fins absent; distinct series of 17 to 25 pores along anterior half of body under the dorsal fin; lateral line high, following dorsal profile; scales small, present also on cheeks; caudal vertebrae 16 to 18; body color pale blue above, silvery below (fading after death), no spots (Ref. 53006).
A pelagic fish forming large loose schools across the continental shelf over sand/mud bottoms; depth range from 2 to 275 m at least, but most abundant at 155 to 225 m; found near the bottom during the day and migrating into the water column at night. Juveniles often found under floating weeds and with jellyfish. Adults feed on jellyfish, small fish, crustaceans, and worms; the juveniles are plankton and jellyfish feeders. Mature within 1 year and rarely lives past 2; spawning takes place at discrete intervals twice a year slightly offshore. Highly esteemed for food, marketed fresh and frozen; caught mainly with otter trawls (Ref. 53006).
棲息於沿岸水域。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 整個的墨西哥灣, 從在美國佛羅里達到墨西哥的尤卡坦半島的坦帕市區域; 也在維吉尼亞到美國的佛羅里達東北方。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.7 - 22.3, mean 18.1 °C (based on 26 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00744 - 0.02562), b=3.01 (2.85 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (tm=1; tmax=2; k >0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
