分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; pH range: 7.5 - 9.5; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - ? m. 亞熱帶的; 25°C - 33°C (Ref. 36880); 41°N - 0°S
Eastern Pacific: Palos Verdes in southern California, USA to Peru.
東太平洋: 在美國的南加州到祕魯中的 Palos 維德角。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 17 - ? cm
Max length : 41.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5404); 39.0 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大体重: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5404); 最大体重: 1.2 kg
Body compressed; head flat; first dorsal fin with 7 spines, second with 1 spine and 8 to 9 rays; anal fin with 1 spine and 9 to 10 rays; lateral line with 30 to 34 scales; body depth contained about three times in standard length; body dark green to dark brown with numerous small pale spots (Ref. 55763).
身体扁长形的; 头部平坦的; 第一背鳍有 7根棘 , 第二个有 1根棘与 8 到 9个鳍条; 臀鳍有 1根棘与 9 到 10个鳍条; 侧线有 30 到 34个鳞片; 到处被包含的体高在标准的长度中三倍于; 身体深绿色的对深褐色的有很多的小灰白的斑点.(参考文献 55763)
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabit estuaries, stagnant ditches or creeks of low current velocity between the sea and an elevation of 30 m. Benthic and most abundant on sandy and muddy bottoms. Ingests much mud and detritus, although also filter plankton (Ref. 36880). Found in shallow inshore areas; typically in freshwater but moves freely into the sea.
栖息于在海洋与海拔之间的低水流速度的河口，污浊的沟渠或小溪 30 公尺。 底栖与最丰富的在沙泥底上。 摄取很多的泥与碎屑, 虽然也过滤浮游生物.(参考文献 36880) 发现于沿岸浅水区区域了; 典型地形成淡水但是自由地移动进海洋。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東太平洋: 在美國的南加州到祕魯中的 Palos 維德角。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 26.8 °C (based on 208 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00781 - 0.01470), b=3.11 (3.02 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.57).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 118 [54, 257] mg/100g; Iron = 1.24 [0.59, 2.45] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.7, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.278 [0.165, 0.480] g/100g; Selenium = 20.8 [10.3, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.09 [2.13, 23.95] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 2.08] mg/100g (wet weight);
