Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 50 - 854 m (Ref. 52581). Subtropical; 28°S - 50°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumglobal in southern waters: (Ref. 7300): South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec I., Desventuradas Is., Juan Fernandez Is., Chile, north to southern Brazil, Tristan da Cunha.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 88.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 160 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 89467); common length : 100.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9258); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 100.0 kg (Ref. 4537); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 60 سال ها (Ref. 41439)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 9 - 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 12; خارهاي باله مخرجي 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 7 - 9
A deepwater species, occurs in seamounts (Ref. 89357). Adults occur generally over rough ground from the central shelf (about 100 m) to the shelf edge and down to the upper slope. Juveniles are found in surface waters, perhaps school in association with drifting weed. Feed on barracouta and pilchards, in addition to various bottom-dwelling fish. Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421). Preyed upon by sperm whales (Ref. 9072). It is taken by droplining down to 400 m, and is sometimes seen in the trawled catch. Utilized fresh and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Severely overfished (Ref. 89357).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Are primary gonochorists (Ref. 58421).
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 16, mean 11.7 °C (based on 143 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00765 - 0.01500), b=2.99 (2.89 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.77 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (tm=10-13; tmax=60).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (59 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 34 [20, 61] mg/100g; Iron = 0.904 [0.538, 1.528] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [20, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.563 [0.318, 1.046] g/100g; Selenium = 55.6 [29.6, 108.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.09 [3.16, 24.94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.267, 0.532] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
