Teleostei >
Carangaria/misc (Various families in series Carangaria) >
Polynemidae (Threadfins)
Etymology: Galeoides: Greek, galeos = a shark + suffix oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 10 - 70 m (Ref. 10799). 亚热带的; 37°N - 27°S, 19°W - 16°E (Ref. 57343)
Eastern Atlantic: West African coasts, from Canary Islands and Morocco to Angola (Ref. 57402). Sporadically known from Algeria and Namibia (Ref. 57343). Record from Mauritius is likely to be erroneous.
东大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉, 包括加纳利群岛.(参考文献 7386) 偶而已知来自阿尔及利亚与那米比亚了。 (参考文献 57343) 来自模里西斯的记录可能是错误的。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 11.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5377); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3659)
背棘 (总数): 9; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14. Diagnosis: 9-10 short detached pectoral filaments, not exceeding length of upper pectoral fin; body moderately elongate and compressed, its height comprised 2.9-3.4 times in standard length; snout very short, blunt and prominent; mouth inferior; posterior edge of maxillary only slightly expanded, barely reaching past eye; 2 widely separated dorsal fins, 1st with 8 spines, 2nd with 1 flexible spine and 13-14 soft rays; 2nd
dorsal fin and anal fin bases barely equal; pectoral fin inserted low on body; scales ctenoid; head and unpaired fins partly covered with small scales (Ref. 57402).
Coloration: body uniformly silvery, upper part greyish and belly white; a large rounded black spot, about equal to eye diameter, generally visible under lateral line, behind opercle (Ref. 57402).
Occurs over sandy (Ref. 2683) and muddy bottoms in shallow waters (Ref. 4340), frequently in brackish habitats (Ref. 4340, 57402) and estuaries, but not in freshwaters (Ref. 57402). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 5377). Sold fresh, dried salted or smoked (Ref. 36127).
生活在沙的 (参考文献 2683)之上与泥底部在浅水区中, 时常在半咸淡的栖息地.(参考文献 4340) 吃底栖的无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 5377) 生鲜贩卖了, 乾燥盐腌或者烟熏.(参考文献 36127)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Also Ref. 32209.东大西洋: 摩洛哥到安哥拉, 包括加纳利群岛.(参考文献 7386) 偶而已知来自阿尔及利亚与那米比亚了。 (参考文献 57343) 来自模里西斯的记录可能是错误的。
Daget, J. and J.C. Njock, 1986. Polynemidae. p. 352-354. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4340)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.9, mean 25.9 °C (based on 66 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00481 - 0.01311), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.14-0.4).
Prior r = 0.49, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.73, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (77 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 77.4 [41.1, 153.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.985 [0.516, 1.817] mg/100g; Protein = 20.2 [18.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.386 [0.272, 0.572] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.6, 48.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.37 [4.09, 21.25] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.816 [0.558, 1.179] mg/100g (wet weight);
