分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 50 - ? m (Ref. 9987). 熱帶; 31°N - 12°S, 40°E - 153°E (Ref. 54462)
Indo-West Pacific: Somalia to Papua New Guinea, north to Japan and south to Indonesia.
印度-西太平洋。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 61.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 43449); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 11-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 13 - 15. Scales restricted to posterior half of the body. Posterior tip of pectoral fin reaching origin of pelvic fin.
鳞片局限于身体的后半段了。 胸鳍的后部顶端达成腹鳍的起源。
Inhabit deep water offshore on sandy mud bottom for most of the year, but also gathers in large shoals in deltas of rivers to feed during monsoons (Ref. 9987, 11230). Spawn 6 batches of broods per year (Ref. 43449). An aggressive predator (Ref. 9987). Primarily caught along Maharashtra with the bag-net, better known as 'dol' net. Operation of this gear is timed to a strong tidal current. The bag with the mouth set against the current strains the fish which is being retained therein by the strength of the current. The net is thus retrieved before the tide turns. Very phosphorescent. Excellent food fish. Marketed fresh and dried or salted; consumed pan-fried (Ref. 9987).
在沙泥底部上栖息于深水域外海每年大部分的时间, 也在河的三角州的大群鱼群中聚集在季风的时候觅食.(参考文献 9987,11230) 产卵 6个批卵窝每年。 (参考文献 43449) 一个侵略性掠食者.(参考文献 9987) 主要地沿着马哈拉斯查省被袋网捕捉, 较以 'dol' 网闻名。 这一个网具的手术被使用于一个强的潮汐水流。 有口的袋网抵抗水流并圈住鱼是被在其中保有藉由水流的力量。 网如此在潮水旋转之前被取回。 非常发出磷光的。 优良的食用鱼。 在市场上销售生鲜地了与乾燥或盐腌; 消费了油锅炸的.(参考文献 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-西太平洋。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1984. Harpadontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3417)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 26, mean 21.2 °C (based on 405 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00323 - 0.00537), b=3.14 (3.07 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.74 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.4 (1.1 - 2.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.18-0.9; Fec=89,600).
Prior r = 1.16, 95% CL = 0.77 - 1.75, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (53 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.7 [27.2, 166.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.333 [0.155, 0.934] mg/100g; Protein = 12.3 [10.2, 15.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0747 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 28 [12, 74] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.22 [2.60, 29.21] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.368 [0.246, 0.916] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
