分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Caliraja: The prefix name Cali- refers to the state of California, United States and Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico, the regions where the types of all four recognized species were described.; rhina: Name from the Greek 'rhina' meaning nose (Ref. 27436).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 9 - 1069 m (Ref. 80796), usually 55 - 350 m (Ref. 43939). 深水域; 61°N - 22°N, 165°W - 110°W (Ref. 55282)
Eastern Pacific: Navarin Canyon in the Bering Sea and Unalaska Island, Alaska to Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico.
東太平洋: 白令海的拿瓦倫峽谷與 Unalaska 島，阿拉斯加到塞德羅斯島，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 90.0, range 70 - 100 cm
Max length : 180 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 96339); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 27350)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 0. A row of about 20 sharp mid-dorsal spines from base of tail to space between dorsal spines where there may be an additional spine; 1 or 2 mid-dorsal spines immediately behind eyes; a sparse discontinuous row of spines around inner edge of orbit (Ref. 6885). Dorsal fins small and well back on tail; caudal reduced to a low ridge; anal fin absent; pectorals broad, attached to snout and incorporated with body; pelvic fins acutely and very deeply incised (Ref. 6885). A fleshy lateral ridge on each side of tail (Ref. 6885). Dorsal surface uniform brown with a simple dark ring at the base of each pectoral fin, and there may be a light spot posterior to the ring; the ventral surface is a muddy blue with small brown flecks on the anterior part (Ref. 6885).
一排大约哪里可能是一根附加的棘的 20根锐利的从尾部的基底到间隔的空间背棘的背部中央棘; 1 或 2 背部中央棘在眼正后方; 眼窝的内缘的周围一列稀疏不连续的棘.(参考文献 6885) 背鳍小的而且在尾部正后方; 尾部的缩小成一个低的脊; 没有臀鳍; 胸鳍宽的, 依附于吻而且和身体合并; 腹鳍尖锐地与非常深锯齿状的.(参考文献 6885) 在尾部的两边上的一个肉质的侧面脊.(参考文献 6885) 背面全褐色的具有一个在每个胸鳍的基底的单一深色的环, 与哪里可能是，一个淡色的斑点在环后面; 腹面是一暗蓝色的有小褐色斑纹在前部上.(参考文献 6885)
Found partially or completely buried on sand and silty bottoms (Ref. 27436). Adults feed mainly on bony fishes (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 9.4-13.0 cm long and 5.7-7.7 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41300, 41357). Males reaches maturity at ca. 62-74 cm TL, females at 70-100 cm TL; young hatch at 12-17 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
发现部份地或完全地被埋藏于沙子与淤泥底。 (参考文献 27436) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 9.4-13.0 公分长与 5.7-7.7 公分宽的.(参考文献 41249,41300,41357)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Egg cases usually with only one egg (Ref. 6885).東太平洋: 白令海的拿瓦倫峽谷與 Unalaska 島，阿拉斯加到塞德羅斯島，墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.4 - 8.6, mean 5.8 °C (based on 252 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00141 - 0.00645), b=3.24 (3.07 - 3.41), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.71 [0.90, 24.47] mg/100g; Iron = 0.301 [0.072, 0.951] mg/100g; Protein = 16.5 [13.9, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.516 [0.128, 1.957] g/100g; Selenium = 17.9 [3.5, 101.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.52 [2.09, 43.20] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.236 [0.115, 0.439] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
