分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Mormyrops: Greek, mormyros = a fish (Sparus sp) + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468); 10°S - 21°S
Africa: a very wide distribution area which includes most of the West African river basins (Ref. 81274), the White Nile, Uebi Shebeli and Juba (Ref. 3203), and the Congo River basin (Ref. 52193). In southern Africa, restricted to the middle and lower Zambezi, Buzi and Pungwe (Ref. 52193). Also known from Lake Malawi, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Albert [former Lake Mobuto] (Ref. 3203, 52193).
非洲: 白色的尼羅河，湖艾伯特湖流域, 內陸的水域從塞內加爾到查德, 在喀麥隆的河, 在幾內亞地區中的小海岸的流域。 廣泛分佈於剛果河流域，馬拉威湖，坦噶尼喀與 Mobuto; 在非洲南部中的佛塔河流域, Whebi Shebeli 與 Juba(如 Mormyrops deliciosus), 它被侷限於尚比西河， Buzi 與 Pungwe 河中下游.(參考文獻 7248)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 32.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2915); 最大體重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 21-33; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 38 - 51. Diagnosis: head depressed (Ref. 13337, 52193). Body elongated (Ref. 2915, 13337, 52193), shallow (Ref. 28714), ratio standard length/body depth 4.9-7.5 (Ref. 81274). Mouth large (Ref. 13337, 52193) and terminal (Ref. 13337, 28714, 52193, 81274), with 16-28 teeth in upper, and 14-28 in lower jaw (the number of teeth increases with size) (Ref. 81274). Chin (mental swelling) absent (Ref. 52193). Origin of dorsal fin behind origin of anal fin, nearer caudal fin base than tip of snout (Ref. 4903, 52193). Dorsal fin shorter than anal fin; mouth width subequal to snout length (Ref. 52193). Snout long (Ref. 52193), rounded, its length 1/5-1/4 that of the head (Ref. 4903), almost as broad as head (Ref. 2915, 81274). 21-33 dorsal- and 38-50 anal-fin rays (Ref. 52193, 81274). Head 3.4-5.1 times in standard length; interorbital space relatively broad, ratio head length/interorbital width 2.9-6.8; wide ranges for most of the meristic characters are caused by the existence of geographical clines (Ref. 2915, 81274).
頭部扁平的, 口端位與身體延長.(參考文獻 13337) SL/ 體高 4.9-7.5. 頭部 3.4-5.1 x SL。 吻幾乎與頭部一樣寬。 眼間隔寬的, 頭長/ 眼間隔 2.9-6.8. 體節形質特徵的變化在地理的生態群中由於不同。 (參考文獻 2915)
Juveniles occur in marginal habitats, adults prefer deep quiet water between boulders and below overhangs, away from strong currents; also occurs beneath Salvinia mats and in river estuaries in Lake Kariba; juveniles prey on invertebrates, mainly shrimps and insect larvae (Ref. 7248, 52193). Adults/larger individuals are piscivorous (Ref. 28714), feeding on small cichlids, minnows and labeos (Ref. Ref. 7248, 52193). May live for 8 years or more; breeds in summer during the rainy season; mature females carry 25000 or more eggs (Ref. 7248, 52193). A fractional spawner (Ref. 10606, 10605). Affinities: M. breviceps.
成魚偏愛在大圓石以下突出部份之間的深靜止的水域, 遠離強的水流。 也出現之下 Salvinia 墊與在卡裡巴湖的河口中。 稚魚捕食無脊椎動物, 主要地蝦與昆蟲幼生。 較大的個體吃小的慈鯛科魚類，條魚類與腐食。 可以活到 8個年或更多。 在雨季期間進行繁殖。 (參考文獻 7248) 一個少產的魚種 (參考文獻 10606; 10605)。 分類相關: M. breviceps.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 白色的尼羅河，湖艾伯特湖流域, 內陸的水域從塞內加爾到查德, 在喀麥隆的河, 在幾內亞地區中的小海岸的流域。 廣泛分佈於剛果河流域，馬拉威湖，坦噶尼喀與 Mobuto; 在非洲南部中的佛塔河流域, Whebi Shebeli 與 Juba(如 Mormyrops deliciosus), 它被侷限於尚比西河， Buzi 與 Pungwe 河中下游.(參考文獻 7248)
Bigorne, R., 1990. Mormyridae. p. 122-184. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux saumâtres d'Afrique de l'Ouest. tome 1. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, and ORSTOM, Paris. (Ref. 2915)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00422 - 0.00750), b=2.99 (2.91 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.08-0.33; tm > 8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 89 [41, 209] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.61, 2.81] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.3, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.119, 0.717] g/100g; Selenium = 117 [42, 282] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21 [7, 66] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.934 [0.594, 1.879] mg/100g (wet weight);
