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Actinopteri > Siluriformes (Catfish) 鯰形目 (Catfish) > Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes) 塘蝨魚科 (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water. More on author: Lönnberg.
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water. More on author: Lönnberg.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的. 熱帶; 23°C - 28°C (Ref. 12468); 9°N - 11°S
分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri
Africa: from the Volta basin in Ghana (Ref. 57129) and coastal rivers in Togo to the lower and middle Congo River basin (Ref. 248). Also reported from the upper Congo (Ref. 106245). Widespread in Lower Guinea, from the Cross in Nigeria and Cameroon to the Loémé in Republic of Congo (Ref. 81644).
非洲: 對中央的下游而剛果河流域的在多哥中的沿海河川。 記錄來自迦納了。 (參考文獻 11235)
非洲: 對中央的下游而剛果河流域的在多哥中的沿海河川。 記錄來自迦納了。 (參考文獻 11235)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 69-94; 臀鰭軟條: 52 - 70; 脊椎骨: 56 - 61. Diagnosis: body less elongate, its maximum depth 11.9-16.4% SL (m=14.1); head length 21.0-26.0% SL (m=24.1) (Ref. 57129, 81644). Head rectangular dorsally; snout extremely broadly rounded; eyes more laterally placed (Ref. 248). Interorbital distance 45.4-54.3% HL (m=48.8) (Ref. 57129, 81644). Tooth plates extremely broad (Ref. 248), width of premaxillary tooth plate 30.4-38.9% HL (m=34.9), and of vomerine tooth plate 26.1-33.9% HL (m=29.7)(Ref. 57129, 81644). Frontal fontanel long and narrow; occipital fontanelle long and oval-shaped (Ref. 248). Supraorbital and "dermosphenotic" bones separated in specimens up to 200 mm SL, in larger specimens they usually become joined (Ref. 248, 101841)). 7-13 (Ref. 57129, 81644) or 7-14 (Ref. 101841) gill rakers on first gill arch. Suprabranchial organ well developed (Ref. 248, 101841). Pectoral spine slender, its outer side showing strong downward serrations (Ref. 248, 81644). Dorsal fin length 59.5-67.9% SL; distance from dorsal to caudal fin 1.2-4.3% SL (Ref. 57129, 101841). Flank neuromasts arranged in a regular pattern (Ref. 81644).
Colouration: no information on colour in life (Ref. 57129, 101841). Preserved specimens: dark brown on back and sides and pale brown to beige/whitish on belly; pectoral and pelvic fins sometimes with a pale distal band; caudal fin sometimes with alternating light and dark vertical bars (Ref. 57129, 81644). Never an irregular pattern of small white spots on body (Ref. 101841).
頭部矩形的背面; 吻非常地寬廣地圓的; 眼更側面放置。 額骨囪門長而狹窄的; 後頭骨囪門長而橢圓形的。 眶上的與皮蝶骨的' 硬骨分開了在超過 200 mm SL 的標本中。 齒碟非常寬大。 胸棘細長的; 外部的旁顯示強的向下鋸齒。 鰓前的器官發展良好的。 第二感覺管的開口顯示一個普通的型態。
頭部矩形的背面; 吻非常地寬廣地圓的; 眼更側面放置。 額骨囪門長而狹窄的; 後頭骨囪門長而橢圓形的。 眶上的與皮蝶骨的' 硬骨分開了在超過 200 mm SL 的標本中。 齒碟非常寬大。 胸棘細長的; 外部的旁顯示強的向下鋸齒。 鰓前的器官發展良好的。 第二感覺管的開口顯示一個普通的型態。
Data on the diet of C. walkeri (=C. camerunensis) showed larvae of mayflies, chironomids, and caddis insects to be the main food of small and middle-sized specimens (Ref. 248). Stomach content analysis showed presence of practically everything edible from plant remains, insects and their larvae to fish remains (Ref. 78218).
資料顯示 C. walkeri(= C. camerunensis) 的食性顯示孚游類，寶刀魚與石蠶昆蟲的仔魚是小而中等標本的主要食物.(參考文獻 248)
資料顯示 C. walkeri(= C. camerunensis) 的食性顯示孚游類，寶刀魚與石蠶昆蟲的仔魚是小而中等標本的主要食物.(參考文獻 248)
Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
非洲: 對中央的下游而剛果河流域的在多哥中的沿海河川。 記錄來自迦納了。 (參考文獻 11235)
主要參考資料
Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00337 - 0.01709), b=2.99 (2.81 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
瀕危性 (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100) .