分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues) >
Pantodontidae (Freshwater Butterflyfish)
Etymology: Pantodon: Greek, pan = all + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335); buchholzi: Named after Professor Dr. Buchholz, collector of the type specimens (Ref. 53310).
More on author: Peters.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 热带; 23°C - 30°C (Ref. 13371)
West and Central Africa: Nigeria, Lake Chad, Cameroon, Ogowe basin, Congo basin and upper Zambezi River (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515). Eastern distribution limit seems to be the Ouémé River in Benin (Ref. 1989, Ref. 3019), although it is also reported from the Jong River in Sierra Leone (Ref. 2921).
西非与中非: 奈及利亚，查德湖，喀麦隆，奥克维河流域, 刚果河流域与上面的三比河.(参考文献 2921, 参考文献 3515) 它的分布的向东的极限似乎是在贝南 (参考文献 1989, 参考文献 3019) 的 Oueme 河，但是它也在 Jong 河，狮子山被观察。 (参考文献 2921)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 52030)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 6; 臀棘 0; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 15. Compressed body, flattened on the dorsal side and head, careened on the ventral side behind the pelvic fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 13851). Large mouth, with numerous teeth and a prominent lower jaw (Ref. 2921), upwardly directed (Ref. 3054, Ref. 42873). Short dorsal fin placed very posterior on the back (Ref. 2921), inserted behind the longer anal fin (Ref. 3054, Ref. 13851). Large development of the pectoral fins (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054), enlarged and wing-like (Ref. 42873). Very advanced position of the pelvic fins, with 4 elongated, filamentous rays (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3054). The caudal fin is long, pointed and rather ragged, with the two centre rays the longest (Ref. 13851). Large cycloid scales (Ref. 2921), subcircular, with rounded but evident laterobasal angles (Ref. 53264): 26-30 lateral line scales, 21-26 predorsal scales (Ref. 52030, Ref. 52046). Extremely brilliant colored (Ref. 2921): dorsal side of the body olive-colored, ventral side silvery yellow amplified with carmine; sometimes with darker transversal bands on the back (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3032). The fins are vivid pink-colored with small brown-violet spots, forming transversal bands on the pectoral fins, and tinted with violet on the inside and extremities (Ref. 2921).
扁长形的身体, 在腹鳍后面的背部侧边与在腹的侧边上被倾斜的头部上平的了。 (参考文献 2921,参考文献 13851) 大的嘴, 有很多的齿与一个突出的下颌 (参考文献 2921), 向上地直接的。 (参考文献 3054, 参考文献 42873) 位于非常后面的背部 (参考文献 2921) 上的短背鳍, 插在较长的臀鳍后面了。 (参考文献 3054, 参考文献 13851) 胸鳍 (参考文献 2921, 参考文献 3054) 的大发展, 增大了与翼状的.(参考文献 42873) 位置非常前面的那腹鰭有 4個瘦長又絲狀的鰭條.(參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3054) 尾鰭是長的﹐尖的與相當衣衫襤褸, 有兩個中心鰭條最長的.(參考文獻 13851) 大的圓形鱗片 (參考文獻 2921), 子圓形的, 有圓的但是顯著的 laterobasal 角:(參考文獻 53264) 26-30個側線鱗片, 21-26個前背的鱗片.(參考文獻 52030, 參考文獻 52046) 色彩非常豔麗的色彩:(參考文獻 2921) 身體的背面兩側橄欖色的, 腹的旁銀黃色的以洋紅色擴大; 在背部上有時具有深色的橫紋。 (參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3032) 鰭是生動的粉紅色的有小褐色-紫羅蘭色的斑點, 在胸鰭上形成橫紋, 與紫羅蘭色在內面與頂端上.(參考文獻 2921)
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Pantodon buchholzi is a creature from calm waters (Ref. 51626). It lives in swamps, creeks and backwaters (Ref. 31256), and inhabits the calmer parts of rivers (Ref. 41580), where it can be seen on the surface waters (Ref. 4910). They are capable to jump out of the water, to search for insects or to escape from predators (Ref. 2921). It is not a glider, but a ballistic jumper (Ref. 52282), with a tremendous jumping power (Ref. 31256). It is an exophageous insectivore, feeding on terrestrial insects and aquatic larvae and nymphs of insects (Ref. 41580). It also feeds on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 7020). Introduced in 1905 to European aquarists (Ref. 51626, Ref. 53207). Pantodon buchholzi is a favorite fish for aquarists; in the aquarium it can rest with the top of the head and the large pectoral fins touching the surface, while the long rays of the pelvic fin hang down perpendicularly, forming a tempting morsel for other aggressive fish in the same tank, and therefore it should be stocked together with only bottom dwellers (Ref. 13851). Observed maximum length of 15.0 cm TL in aquarium (Ref. 2921, Ref. 3515).
齿蝶鱼〔Pantodon buchholzi〕 是来自平静的水域的生物。 (参考文献 51626) 它生活在沼泽, 小溪与 buckwaters(参考文献 31256) 中, 而且居住于河 (参考文献 41580) 的较平静的部份, 在那里它在表面水域上能看到它.(参考文献 4910) 他们有能力离开水面跳跃, 寻找昆虫而且从掠食者脱逃.(参考文献 2921) 它是不是一个滑行者，但是一个弹道曲线的跳跃者 (参考文献 522822), 具有一个巨大的跳跃力量。 (参考文献 31256) 它是一個 exophageous 食蟲動物, 吃陸棲的昆蟲與水中幼生與昆蟲的蛹.(參考文獻 41580) 它也吃甲殼類動物和魚類。 (參考文獻 7020) 在 1905 年對歐洲的水族館引入。 (參考文獻 51626, 參考文獻 53207) 齒蝶魚〔Pantodon buchholzi〕 是水族館的一個喜愛的魚; 在水族館，它能和頭部的頂端與大的胸鰭休息碰觸表面, 然而腹鰭的長鰭條垂直地懸掛下來,在相同的水族箱中為其他的侵略性魚形成一個誘惑人的一口, 因此它應該只被進貨伴隨著底部居民.(參考文獻 13851) 在水族館觀察 15.0 公分TL 的最大長度。 (參考文獻 2921, 參考文獻 3515)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
It lays 80 to 220 eggs (Ref. 13371). The eggs have a diameter of about 1.5 mm (Ref. 41580).西非与中非: 奈及利亚，查德湖，喀麦隆，奥克维河流域, 刚果河流域与上面的三比河.(参考文献 2921, 参考文献 3515) 它的分布的向东的极限似乎是在贝南 (参考文献 1989, 参考文献 3019) 的 Oueme 河，但是它也在 Jong 河，狮子山被观察。 (参考文献 2921)
Teugels, G.G., 1990. Pantodontidae. p. 116-118. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome 1. Coll. Faune Trop. 28. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren and Éditions de l'ORSTOM, Paris. 384 p. (Ref. 2921)
人类利用
渔业: 没有兴趣; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 80-220).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
