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Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
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Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Africa: endemic to Lake Chala in Kenya (Ref. 52331) and Tanzania (Ref. 118630).
非洲: 在吉力馬扎羅山，坦尚尼亞的湖 Chala。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4967)
背棘 (總數): 16 - 17; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-13; 臀棘 3-4; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 16; 脊椎骨: 31 - 34. Diagnosis: A large bodied tilapia, with a relatively large and forward-facing snout, body at least 2.8 times as long as deep (Ref. 4967, 118638). The species can be distinguished by following characters: teeth very small, in narrow bands; pharyngeal bone narrow, its width about 26% length of head, with fine teeth, crowded posteriorly, the blade equal to the median length of the toothed area in young, about 1.5 times as long in adults; pectoral fin usually less than 36% of standard length; anal spines III-IV; scales of chest and belly very small, in some individuals showing an abrupt transition from the flank scales for a short distance behind the pectoral-pelvic interspace; in some the dorsal scales may also be small; and caudal peduncle at least 1.3 times longer than deep (Ref. 2, 4967). Males characterised by an intricate melanin pattern on the head, flank scales that are darker towards posterior side, and a background light grey-blue colour; the dorsal region is darker than the ventral, and ripe males with dark pectoral, anal, caudal fins, while the dorsal fin is dark with orange margins; females with less contrasting colours, with flanks uniformly grey or olive, with a lighter ventral region (Ref. 118638).
鑑別: 齒非常小的, 在狹帶狀中; 咽骨狹窄的, 藉由細齒的它的寬度大約 26% 頭長在後部地擁擠, 葉片等於有齒區域的平均長度當幼魚時, 大約 1.5 倍當長的當成魚時; 胸鰭通常少於 36% SL 。 (參考文獻 2) 胸與腹面的鱗片非常小的 (參考文獻 2,54096), 在一些魚種中顯示對於在胸腹鰭間距後面的短距離的一個突然的轉變從側面鱗片; 在一些魚種中背部的鱗片也小的.(參考文獻 2) 尾柄長度超過深的.(參考文獻 2,2989,54096) 3-4根臀鰭棘.(參考文獻 2,4967) 身體至少 2.8 長度與深度比率; 尾柄至少深地的 1.3 倍.(參考文獻 4967)
描述: 嘴相當大, 在鼻孔與眼之間延伸至.(參考文獻 1870,2989,53262) 顎碰到均勻地; 齒小而細長的, 最雙尖的, 在 3-6 列中; 咽齒小而細長的, 侷限於一個小的區域.(參考文獻 2) 鱗片圓形的.(參考文獻 1870,2989,53262,55061) (2-)在頰上的 3 鱗片列.(參考文獻 2,1870,2989,55061) 在頰上的鱗片相當小.(參考文獻 55061) 上面的側線有 18-19個鱗片, 低的側線有 15-16個鱗片.(參考文獻 2989) 在低的側線之下的 15個鱗片.(參考文獻 1870,53262,55061) 側線有時有較小的鱗片的竄改, 在一些情況在一個側邊上唯一的; microbranchiospines 呈現。 (參考文獻 2) 持續背鰭棘長的.(參考文獻 1870,2989) 胸鰭延伸到或者幾乎延伸到垂直的臀鰭起點.(參考文獻 1870,2989,55061) 腹鰭達到排洩孔。 (參考文獻 1870,2989)
體色 成魚: 鐵藍色的-在頭部與身體的上部上的黑色, 顏色變化成彩虹色的深色藍綠色的在鰓蓋與顎的下部上與到黑色的青銅色的在側面上; 胸部小的斑點深綠色與白色的; 腹面灰色的白色; 一些個體 (雄性 ?) 與背鰭的邊緣深色的橘色.(參考文獻 2) 大的雄性有淡色黃色的咽喉, 與王室藍色鰭有燃燒的橘色或明亮的朱紅色的頂端.(參考文獻 36900) 幼魚: 青銅色的在側面上, 呈綠色的青銅色的背面, 乳黃色的在腹面上; 頭部當成魚時但是不是如此深色; 尾部的與背鰭深綠色的; 低的鰭較灰白的彩虹色的綠色.(參考文獻 2) 兩者的成魚而且幼魚有產生於每個鱗片的較深色的前部的多變效果.(參考文獻 2) 幼魚 (<100 mm SL) 有一個顯著黑色側面中央的縱向條紋當保存在酒精中時, 連續的或者在 11-13 上強調狹窄的深色縱帶, 也有在上面的側線上面的一系列的 5-7 斑塊; 吳郭魚-標誌水平地延長, 雖然易變地在這些大小強調.(參考文獻 2)
Only found in Lake Chala (Ref. 2, 4967, 36900); several non-native tilapias are now established in this small lake as a result of stocking, and Oreochromis hunteri is apparently much less common than previously (Ref. 118638). Sometimes swimming in shoals (Ref. 36900, 55060). It feeds on algae and debris off the bottom between the rocks near the shore (Ref. 2, 55060). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638). Fished in Lake Chala (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is critically endangered (Ref. 118638).
棲息於湖 (參考文獻 2,4967) 。 有時群集的。 (參考文獻 36900,55060) 吃藻類，而且殘礫自底部。 (參考文獻 55060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 118638).非洲: 在吉力馬扎羅山，坦尚尼亞的湖 Chala。
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
極危 (CR) (B1ab(i,iii)); Date assessed: 22 June 2022
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00827 - 0.04391), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
