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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 溫帶; 3°C - 25°C (Ref. 56460); 49°N - 35°N, 44°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Europe and Central Asia: Caspian Sea.
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 111344); common length : 21.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大體重: 469.00 g (Ref. 56460); 最大年齡: 9 年 (Ref. 56460)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Body `shad-like'; upper and lower head profiles straight. Gill rakers moderately thick and short, tips pointed, usually shorter than gill filaments. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Resembles A. sphaerocephala, which has a blunter head, with round upper and lower head profiles; A. caspia has more gill rakers (50 to 180) and A. brashnikovi is more slender and `herring-like'.
身體像非魚類一樣的'; 上、下頭部輪廓很直。 鰓耙一般厚與短, 頂端尖的, 通常短於鰓絲。 雙顎內的齒發展良好的。 與有一個較鈍的頭部的 A. sphaerocephala 有圓的上、下頭部輪廓相似; A. caspia 有更多的鰓耙 (50 到 180) ，而且 A. brashnikovi 是更細長的與像鯡魚一樣的'.
Euryhaline and migratory but non-anadromous. One of the most cold-loving Alosa of the Caspian (among the first to migrate in spring to the north). Feeds on large crustaceans and small fishes. Spawns in northern Caspian from end of April (peak in mid-May), moving into shallow water and spawning at depths of 1-6 m and salinities of 0.07-11 ppt. The young later move southward; some perhaps remain in the north.
廣鹽性與迴游的但是非溯河洄游產卵。 里海者的最喜歡寒冷 Alosa 之一.(在第一個之中在春天到北方移動) 吃大的甲殼動物與小魚。 產卵在北方的里海從被遷進淺水區而且產卵深度 1-6 公尺與 0.07-11個 ppt 的鹽度的四月底 (高峰在五月中旬中)。 幼魚稍後向南移動; 一些也許逗留在北方。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
前蘇聯與亞洲: 裡海。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00502 - 0.01200), b=3.11 (2.99 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
