分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 100 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 20 m (Ref. 1371). 溫帶; 68°N - 44°N, 11°W - 13°E
Northeast Atlantic: Trondheim on the Norwegian coast to the Bay of Biscay; also around the British Isles.
東北大西洋: 在挪威的岸邊到比斯開灣上的特倫汗; 也不列顛群島的周圍。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 1371); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 4645)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0. Head depressed. First dorsal fin poorly developed, with only three short rays. Color uniformly dark brown or bluish brown; the lips and the distal areas of all fins paler except for the pectorals.
頭部扁平的。 第一背鰭發展不良的, 只有三個短的鰭條。 一致的黑色褐色或藍色的褐色; 唇與所有鰭灰白的末梢部區域除了胸鰭。
Lives in coastal waters at shallow depths, generally from 10-20 m, more seldom from 75-100 m, on rocky bottom with seaweeds. Solitary and secretive, undertakes only limited local movements. Spawns from May to September at 50-70 m depth near the shore throughout its entire range. Feeds on sea stars, crustaceans, worms, mollusks and small fish (Ref. 1371).
在深度淺的地方生活在沿岸水域, 通常從 10-20 公尺, 更很少從 75-100 公尺, 在岩石的底部上有海草的地方。 獨居性與躲躲藏藏的, 進行只有有限制的地方運動。 在它的整個範圍各處在海岸附近的 50-70 公尺深從五月到九月產卵。 吃海星，甲殼動物，蠕蟲，軟體動物與小魚。 (參考文獻 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, sexes are separate (Ref. 205).東北大西洋: 在挪威的岸邊到比斯開灣上的特倫汗; 也不列顛群島的周圍。
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.5 - 12.5, mean 10.4 °C (based on 120 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00412 - 0.02789), b=3.06 (2.83 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.6 [14.3, 51.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.331 [0.207, 0.536] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.1, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.565 [0.290, 1.051] g/100g; Selenium = 13.7 [7.3, 26.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.4 [3.7, 28.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.565 [0.427, 0.763] mg/100g (wet weight);
