分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
燕魟科 (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 28 - 37 m (Ref. 9918). 熱帶
Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific: India to Indonesia, including Singapore and Thailand.
東印度洋與中西太平洋: 印度到印尼, 包括新加坡與泰國。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 47.6, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 106 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 58048); common length : 20.0 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27550)
Demersal inshore, in shallow depths to at least 37 m (Ref.58048). Also found offshore (Ref. 9918). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Smallest individual was 27 cm WD. Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).
發現於岸邊了與外海.(參考文獻 9918) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).東印度洋與中西太平洋: 印度到印尼, 包括新加坡與泰國。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 11 September 2020
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
更多資訊
年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度長度-頻率形態測量圖型態特徵仔魚稚魚動力學入添量豐度BRUVS
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.2 - 28.8, mean 28.2 °C (based on 91 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00352 - 0.01710), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).