分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Paralonchurus: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, logchos = lance + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). 熱帶
Western Atlantic: Panama to southern Brazil. Reported in Yucatan, Mexico (Ref. 74908).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西南部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 125970); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 520.00 g (Ref. 125970)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 11 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 29-30; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 8. Body silvery to yellowish, brown above, whitish below. Sides with 7 to 9 dark vertical bars extending to below lateral line. A large dark brown spot, larger than eye, behind upper end of gill slit. Mouth small, inferior, nearly horizontal. Chin with 5 pores and many barbels, 3 or 4 pairs in a tuft around median pore and 10 to 12 pairs along inner edges of lower jaw. Caudal fin asymmetrically rhomboidal with lower half pointed. Gas bladder well developed, much longer than head length, bearing anteriorly 2 pairs of appendages, anterior pair slit and horn-like, lateral pair long, tube-like, and extending posteriorly to tip of main chamber (Ref 51721).
身體銀色到淡黃色的﹐上方褐色的﹐和腹面略白的。 側邊 7 到延伸至側線下面的 9個黑的縱帶。 一個大的深褐色的斑點 , 大於眼, 在鰓縫的上端後面。 嘴小的﹐下方的﹐和幾乎水平。 下巴有 5個孔與許多觸鬚,3 或 4 在中動脈孔附近的一個簇中配對，而且 10 到 12 對沿著下頜的內緣。 尾鰭不對稱長菱形具有下半部尖的。 氣鰾發展良好的 , 遠長過頭長, 生長著前面 2 對附肢，前面的對裂縫與像觸角一樣又側面的對長的﹐管狀的, 而且對主要腔室 (參考文獻 51721) 的頂端向後延伸.
Found over muddy bottoms, often near estuarine areas (Ref. 9626). Feeds mainly on worms (Ref. 3702). Marketed mostly fresh and salted (Ref. 3702).
發現在泥底部上了, 時常在河口地區的附近.(參考文獻 9626) 主要吃蠕蟲。 (參考文獻 3702) 市場上大部份生鮮地銷售而鹽醃的.(參考文獻 3702)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 巴拿馬到巴西南部。
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14 - 27.8, mean 24 °C (based on 564 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00704 - 0.00817), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 184 [108, 359] mg/100g; Iron = 1.18 [0.63, 2.04] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.243 [0.129, 0.403] g/100g; Selenium = 48.1 [26.7, 89.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [8, 53] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.49 [1.09, 2.12] mg/100g (wet weight);
