| المرجع الرئيسي | Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990 |
| الوضع | dioecism |
| التخصيب | external |
| Mating type | |
| تكرر التزاوج | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | مرجع |
| دفع التفريخ | مرجع |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| وصف دورة الحياة وسلوك التزاوج | Spawns 5-7 times in its life, or even 9-10 times for those living 10-14 years. Fecundity varies with geographical region. It decreases from east to west in the European Arctic and from south to north in western Pacific waters. Throughout its distribution area, spawning occurs during January-February in coastal zones of bays and inlets on sand-gravel substrate and in strong tidal currents. |
| البحث عن المزيد من المراجع حول الأنتاج | Scirus |