n = 23
| Scientific Name | Author | Valid Name | Family | English Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pterygoplichthys aculeatus | (Gronow, 1854) | Ancistrus temminckii | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys ambrosetti | (Holmberg, 1893) | Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii | (Holmberg, 1893) | Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys anisitsi | Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 | Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys barbatus | (Steindachner, 1911) | Pseudancistrus barbatus | Loricariidae | Bearded catfish |
| Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus | (Weber, 1991) | Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus | Loricariidae | Vermiculated sailfin catfish |
| Pterygoplichthys duodecimalis | (Valenciennes, 1840) | Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus | (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) | Pterygoplichthys etentaculatus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps | (Kner, 1854) | Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps | Loricariidae | Leopard pleco |
| Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus | (Weber, 1991) | Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys juvens | Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 | Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys lituratus | (Kner, 1854) | Pterygoplichthys lituratus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus | (Hancock, 1828) | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus | Loricariidae | Orinoco sailfin catfish |
| Pterygoplichthys parananus | Peters, 1881 | Megalancistrus parananus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys pardalis | (Castelnau, 1855) | Pterygoplichthys pardalis | Loricariidae | Amazon sailfin catfish |
| Pterygoplichthys parnaibae | (Weber, 1991) | Pterygoplichthys parnaibae | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys plecostomus | (Linnaeus, 1758) | Hypostomus plecostomus | Loricariidae | Suckermouth catfish |
| Pterygoplichthys punctatus | (Kner, 1854) | Pterygoplichthys punctatus | Loricariidae | Corroncho |
| Pterygoplichthys scrophus | (Cope, 1874) | Pterygoplichthys scrophus | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys undecimalis | (Steindachner, 1878) | Pterygoplichthys undecimalis | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys weberi | Armbruster & Page, 2006 | Pterygoplichthys weberi | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys xinguensis | (Weber, 1991) | Pterygoplichthys xinguensis | Loricariidae | |
| Pterygoplichthys zuliaensis | Weber, 1991 | Pterygoplichthys zuliaensis | Loricariidae |