Upeneus heemstra Uiblein & Gouws, 2014
Heemstra goatfish
photo by Heemstra, P.C.

Family:  Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Max. size:  15 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  demersal; marine; depth range 0 - 12 m
Distribution:  Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique to Central Red Sea, Seychelles, W India and Sri Lanka,
Diagnosis:  Dorsal spines (total): 8-8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-9; Anal spines: 1-1; Anal soft rays: 6-6. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII + 9; pectoral-fin rays 12-14; gill rakers 4-8 + 14-18 = 19-24; lateral-line scales 28-30; in %SL: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 22-26; body depth at anal-fin origin 19-23; caudal-peduncle depth 9.5-11; caudal-peduncle width 2.9-4.6; maximum head depth 19-22; head depth through eye 14-17; head length 27-31; postorbital length 10-13; orbit length 6.3-8.3; upper jaw length 9.8-13; barbel length 15-20; caudal peduncle length 21-23; caudal-fin length 27-30; anal-fin height 16-19; pelvic-fin length 20-22; pectoral- fin length 19-21; pectoral-fin width 3.7-4.9; first dorsal-fin height 19-23; second dorsal-fin height 17-18; postorbital length 1.4-1.8 times in anal-fin height; colour of all fins with red, brown or black stripes, bars or blotches; caudal fin with 9-12 oblique bars, 4-6 bars on upper caudal-fin lobe and 5-6 bars on lower caudal-fin lobe; first dorsal fin possess a large blotch around tip; one pale- or dark brown mid-lateral body stripe from tip of snout through eye to caudal base; body and head ground colour white or beige, slightly darker above lateral line, with irregular red, brown or black spots and/or blotches; fresh specimens with yellow or pale brown barbels; fin and body pigmentation mostly retained in preserved fish (Ref. 95469).
Biology:  Found over sand and mud bottoms near coral reefs (Ref. 30573); generally solitary (Ref. 5213). An invertebrate feeder (Ref. 41878).
IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern (LC); Date assessed: 13 August 2019 Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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