Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
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Remarks | Occurs close inshore and offshore down to at least 100 m depth. Presumably feeds on small fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.41 | 0.36 | 4.19 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.80 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kamura, S. and H. Hashimoto, 2004 |