Ecology Summary - Pterengraulis atherinoides

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Main Ref.	Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992
Remarks	Lives in mangrove coast, occurring in subtidal sections of tidal channels at low tide and use the intertidal mangrove creeks during high tide. Occurs in estuaries and freshwater bodies, reaching some distance inland (at least 17 km up the Suriname River; to above Santarem on the Amazon). The short and few gillrakers suggest predatory feeding on small fishes, etc. Diet changed with fish size, smaller fish sizes fed on several food items, fish >13 cm SL fed exclusively on natantia and teleostei (Ref. 56005). Sciaenidae and Mugilidae were dominantly selected as their prey items (Ref. 56005).

Main Ref.

Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992

Remarks

Lives in mangrove coast, occurring in subtidal sections of tidal channels at low tide and use the intertidal mangrove creeks during high tide. Occurs in estuaries and freshwater bodies, reaching some distance inland (at least 17 km up the Suriname River; to above Santarem on the Amazon). The short and few gillrakers suggest predatory feeding on small fishes, etc. Diet changed with fish size, smaller fish sizes fed on several food items, fish >13 cm SL fed exclusively on natantia and teleostei (Ref. 56005). Sciaenidae and Mugilidae were dominantly selected as their prey items (Ref. 56005).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Pterengraulis atherinoides may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.88	0.67			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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