Ecology Summary - Morone americana

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Main Ref.	Bath, D.W. and J.M. O'Connor, 1985
Remarks	Occurs in fresh, brackish and coastal waters (Ref. 7251). Primarily found in brackish water but common in pools and other quiet water areas of medium to large rivers, usually over mud. Anadromous species. In freshwater they feed on aquatic insects (caddisflies, mayflies, dragonflies and midge larvae), fish eggs and small fishes (smelt, yellow perch, elvers and the young of their own species); crustaceans, small fishes and fish eggs consumed in the salt water.

Main Ref.

Bath, D.W. and J.M. O'Connor, 1985

Remarks

Occurs in fresh, brackish and coastal waters (Ref. 7251). Primarily found in brackish water but common in pools and other quiet water areas of medium to large rivers, usually over mud. Anadromous species. In freshwater they feed on aquatic insects (caddisflies, mayflies, dragonflies and midge larvae), fish eggs and small fishes (smelt, yellow perch, elvers and the young of their own species); crustaceans, small fishes and fish eggs consumed in the salt water.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Morone americana may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: mud;
Substrate Ref.	Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks	Parasites of the species include Cyclops bicuspidatus (copepod) and Lironeca ovalis (Ref. 5951).
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Bath, D.W. and J.M. O'Connor, 1985
Feeding habit	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	3.14	0.35			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.	Prout, M.W., E.L. Mills and J.L. Forney, 1990

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