主要參考文獻 | Bockmann, F.A. and I. Sazima, 2004 |
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附註 | Dwells on limonite rocky bottom streamlet with pebbles and sand, and pools with muddy bottom and accumulated plant debris. Crepuscular and nocturnal, forages on the bottom and picks mostly benthic prey. Feeds on immature aquatic insects (ephemeropterans, trichopterans, and plecopterans) and larger individuals prey on small tadpoles (Ref. 51380). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bockmann, F.A. and I. Sazima, 2004 |
攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | |||||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.27 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 |