| Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs on the outer continental shelf and the upper slope. Feeds on small bottom fishes, crustaceans and bivalves. | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Fonte Biblio. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 | 
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 | 
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Commento | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.49 | 0.57 | 4.22 | 0.62 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. | 
| From individual food items | 3.70 | 0.56 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Fonte Biblio. | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||