Thông tin chủ yếu | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
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Các chú thích | Pelagic-inshore. Inhabits coastal waters and forms small to large schools (Ref. 9773). Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300). Prefers clear oceanic waters around islands to neritic waters (Ref. 5217). Occasionally in turbid waters (Ref. 9283). Mainly nocturnal. Feeds on small shrimps, benthic invertebrates, and forams when inshore, and zooplankton and fish larvae when offshore (Also Ref. 9773). Travels in compact groups of hundreds of thousands of fish. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
Tài liệu tham khảo | |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 3.81 | 0.18 | 4.10 | 0.70 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. |
Từ các loại thức ăn | 3.82 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Tài liệu tham khảo | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |