| Main Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found near shore (including semi-enclosed sea areas) (Ref. 11230). Undergoes a spawning migration in spring (March to June) and a feeding migration in fall (September to November) in the Inland Sea of Japan. Feeds on small fishes. Another major fishing gear that is used are set nets. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| ссылка | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Замечание | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.50 | 0.80 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 4.47 | 0.76 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| ссылка | |||||