主な参照 | Iken, K., E.R. Barrera-Oro, M.L. Quartino, R.J. Casaux and T. Brey, 1997 |
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意見 | Feeds on macroalgae (mainly Palmaria decipiens and Monostroma hariotii) with 10-40% of diet and benthic animals with 60-90% of diet. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
Special habitats Ref. |
参照 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
供給様式 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Iken, K., 1996 |
食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
餌料組成から | 3.34 | 0.19 | 3.07 | 0.31 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
個々の食物品目から | 3.26 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参照 | Linkowski, T.B., P. Presler and C. Zukowski, 1983 |