主要參考文獻 | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
---|---|
附註 | Forms schools in lakes and slow-flowing areas of small and medium rivers. Most common around vegetation. Can withstand brackish waters for a limited period (Ref. 1998). Newly hatched individuals school near the shore, moving into deeper water in the summer (Ref. 4569). Feeds mainly on aquatic insects and its larvae and some terrestrial insects (Ref. 10288); but also on planktonic crustaceans, mollusks, and small fishes (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by fish-eating birds and mammals (Ref. 1998). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
參考文獻 | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
攝取食物的習慣 | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
從食物內容 | |||||
從個別的食物項目 | 3.54 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
參考文獻 |